In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
s390/cpum_sf: Handle CPU hotplug remove during sampling
CPU hotplug remove handling triggers the following function call sequence:
CPUHP_AP_PERF_S390_SF_ONLINE --> s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() ... CPUHP_AP_PERF_ONLINE --> perf_event_exit_cpu()
The s390 CPUMF sampling CPU hotplug handler invokes:
s390_pmu_sf_offline_cpu() +--> cpusf_pmu_setup() +--> setup_pmc_cpu() +--> deallocate_buffers()
This function de-allocates all sampling data buffers (SDBs) allocated for that CPU at event initialization. It also clears the PMU_F_RESERVED bit. The CPU is gone and can not be sampled.
With the event still being active on the removed CPU, the CPU event hotplug support in kernel performance subsystem triggers the following function calls on the removed CPU:
perf_event_exit_cpu() +--> perf_event_exit_cpu_context() +--> __perf_event_exit_context() +--> __perf_remove_from_context() +--> event_sched_out() +--> cpumsf_pmu_del() +--> cpumsf_pmu_stop() +--> hw_perf_event_update()
to stop and remove the event. During removal of the event, the sampling device driver tries to read out the remaining samples from the sample data buffers (SDBs). But they have already been freed (and may have been re-assigned). This may lead to a use after free situation in which case the samples are most likely invalid. In the best case the memory has not been reassigned and still contains valid data.
Remedy this situation and check if the CPU is still in reserved state (bit PMU_F_RESERVED set). In this case the SDBs have not been released an contain valid data. This is always the case when the event is removed (and no CPU hotplug off occured). If the PMU_F_RESERVED bit is not set, the SDB buffers are gone.
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | — | Upgrade linuxUpgrade linux-6.1 | Jan 13, 2025 | Jan 11, 2025 |
| Dell Powerstore Dsa2025223 | — | Upgrade Dell PowerStoreOS to the latest version | Jan 13, 2026 | May 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-libs | Jul 1, 2025 | Jan 11, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Jan 11, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1090-ibmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-gcpUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-135-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2023-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1076-kvmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-raspiUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-135-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1129-kvmUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1079-gcpUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-raspi2Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-awsUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1088-ibmUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-136-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-snapdragon-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-135-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1026-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1024-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1027-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1048-iotUpgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1012-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1027-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1077-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-58-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1077-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-raspi-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1021-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-osp1Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-136-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1116-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-58-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-21-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1145-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-135-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-211-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1142-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1072-ibmUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-136-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1081-gcpUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1014-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1024-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1074-ibmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1026-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1026-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1060-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-211-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-58-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1084-azureUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1027-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-135-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1140-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1062-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1074-raspiUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1074-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1033-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1101-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1026-oemUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-azureUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-gcpUpgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1023-gkeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1007-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oemUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1013-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1129-raspiUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1013-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1077-gkeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1074-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1033-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1026-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1079-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-135-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1010-raspiUpgrade linux-image-oemUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1021-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1020-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1010-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1073-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1024-oracleUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-21-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1075-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1142-awsUpgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1012-azureUpgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-211-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1145-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-58-genericUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k | Mar 28, 2025 | Jan 11, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Oct 13, 2025 | Jan 11, 2025 |
Prioritise with Active Threat Intelligence
With curated Threat Intelligence, you can see which vulnerabilities truly put you at risk, prioritize what matters most, and act before attackers do.
Explore Intelligence Hub