In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
mm/migrate_device: don't add folio to be freed to LRU in migrate_device_finalize()
If migration succeeded, we called folio_migrate_flags()->mem_cgroup_migrate() to migrate the memcg from the old to the new folio. This will set memcg_data of the old folio to 0.
Similarly, if migration failed, memcg_data of the dst folio is left unset.
If we call folio_putback_lru() on such folios (memcg_data == 0), we will add the folio to be freed to the LRU, making memcg code unhappy. Running the hmm selftests:
# ./hmm-tests ... # RUN hmm.hmm_device_private.migrate ... [ 102.078007][T14893] page: refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x7ff27d200 pfn:0x13cc00 [ 102.079974][T14893] anon flags: 0x17ff00000020018(uptodate|dirty|swapbacked|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x7ff) [ 102.082037][T14893] raw: 017ff00000020018 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 ffff8881353896c9 [ 102.083687][T14893] raw: 00000007ff27d200 0000000000000000 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 [ 102.085331][T14893] page dumped because: VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO(!memcg && !mem_cgroup_disabled()) [ 102.087230][T14893] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 102.088279][T14893] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 14893 at ./include/linux/memcontrol.h:726 folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170 [ 102.090478][T14893] Modules linked in: [ 102.091244][T14893] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 14893 Comm: hmm-tests Not tainted 6.13.0-09623-g6c216bc522fd #151 [ 102.093089][T14893] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-2.fc40 04/01/2014 [ 102.094848][T14893] RIP: 0010:folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170 [ 102.096104][T14893] Code: ... [ 102.099908][T14893] RSP: 0018:ffffc900236c37b0 EFLAGS: 00010293 [ 102.101152][T14893] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffea0004f30000 RCX: ffffffff8183f426 [ 102.102684][T14893] RDX: ffff8881063cb880 RSI: ffffffff81b8117f RDI: ffff8881063cb880 [ 102.104227][T14893] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 102.105757][T14893] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000002 R12: ffffc900236c37d8 [ 102.107296][T14893] R13: ffff888277a2bcb0 R14: 000000000000001f R15: 0000000000000000 [ 102.108830][T14893] FS: 00007ff27dbdd740(0000) GS:ffff888277a00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 102.110643][T14893] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 102.111924][T14893] CR2: 00007ff27d400000 CR3: 000000010866e000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0 [ 102.113478][T14893] PKRU: 55555554 [ 102.114172][T14893] Call Trace: [ 102.114805][T14893] <TASK> [ 102.115397][T14893] ? folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170 [ 102.116547][T14893] ? __warn.cold+0x110/0x210 [ 102.117461][T14893] ? folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170 [ 102.118667][T14893] ? report_bug+0x1b9/0x320 [ 102.119571][T14893] ? handle_bug+0x54/0x90 [ 102.120494][T14893] ? exc_invalid_op+0x17/0x50 [ 102.121433][T14893] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20 [ 102.122435][T14893] ? __wake_up_klogd.part.0+0x76/0xd0 [ 102.123506][T14893] ? dump_page+0x4f/0x60 [ 102.124352][T14893] ? folio_lruvec_lock_irqsave+0x10e/0x170 [ 102.125500][T14893] folio_batch_move_lru+0xd4/0x200 [ 102.126577][T14893] ? __pfx_lru_add+0x10/0x10 [ 102.127505][T14893] __folio_batch_add_and_move+0x391/0x720 [ 102.128633][T14893] ? __pfx_lru_add+0x10/0x10 [ 102.129550][T14893] folio_putback_lru+0x16/0x80 [ 102.130564][T14893] migrate_device_finalize+0x9b/0x530 [ 102.131640][T14893] dmirror_migrate_to_device.constprop.0+0x7c5/0xad0 [ 102.133047][T14893] dmirror_fops_unlocked_ioctl+0x89b/0xc80
Likely, nothing else goes wrong: putting the last folio reference will remove the folio from the LRU again. So besides memcg complaining, adding the folio to be freed to the LRU is just an unnecessary step.
The new flow resembles what we have in migrate_folio_move(): add the dst to the lru, rem ---truncated---
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alma_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64kUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-cross-headersUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-develUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade kernel-64k-develUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade kernel-docUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-64kUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-64k-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matched | Nov 20, 2025 | Nov 11, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linuxUpgrade linux-6.1 | May 15, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp11 | — | Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftool | Jun 13, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp12 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftool | Jul 21, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftool | Jul 1, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel | Nov 28, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-rtNo solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Rocky_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-rtUpgrade libperf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-s390xUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-matchedUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-core | Feb 5, 2026 | Nov 21, 2025 |
| Suse | — | Upgrade dtb-rockchipUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-develUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-macrosUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-vdsoUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dlm-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-default-base-rebuildUpgrade kselftests-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-docsUpgrade dtb-amlogicUpgrade dtb-freescaleUpgrade kernel-azure-develUpgrade kernel-docs-htmlUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-64kbUpgrade dlm-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-azure-vdsoUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatch-develUpgrade dtb-amazonUpgrade kernel-64kbUpgrade dtb-marvellUpgrade dtb-armUpgrade kernel-default-extraUpgrade dtb-apmUpgrade kernel-syms-rtUpgrade kselftests-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-source-rtUpgrade kernel-obs-qaUpgrade kernel-rt_debugUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-vdsoUpgrade kernel-default-develUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-broadcomUpgrade dtb-exynosUpgrade kernel-source-azureUpgrade kernel-syms-azureUpgrade kernel-kvmsmallUpgrade dtb-qcomUpgrade gfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade gfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dtb-lgUpgrade dtb-socionextUpgrade kernel-symsUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-rt-vdsoUpgrade kernel-devel-azureUpgrade kernel-sourceUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-default-optionalUpgrade kselftests-kmp-rtUpgrade gfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-devel-rtUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-64kbUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade dtb-renesasUpgrade kernel-64kb-develUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-default-baseUpgrade dtb-mediatekUpgrade kernel-64kb-extraUpgrade dtb-amdUpgrade dtb-alteraUpgrade dlm-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-azure-optionalUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-azureUpgrade kernel-defaultUpgrade kernel-rt-extraUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-source-vanillaUpgrade kernel-rt-optionalUpgrade kernel-default-vdsoUpgrade kernel-azure-extraUpgrade kernel-64kb-optionalUpgrade dtb-appleUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade dtb-sprdUpgrade dlm-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-obs-buildUpgrade kselftests-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade dtb-allwinnerUpgrade kernel-default-livepatchUpgrade dtb-xilinxUpgrade dtb-hisiliconUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-develUpgrade kernel-default-livepatch-develUpgrade dtb-nvidiaUpgrade dtb-caviumUpgrade gfs2-kmp-default | Dec 5, 2025 | Jun 12, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-oracleUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1097-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-78-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1100-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1052-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-awsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1100-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-78-genericUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1110-azureUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-78-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-5.15Upgrade linux-image-aws-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1034-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-170-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1034-azureUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1041-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1099-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-78-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-170-genericUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-raspi-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.8Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1092-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1094-ibmUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1052-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1100-awsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1100-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1096-gkeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-raspiUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1064-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1109-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1022-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1097-raspiUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1041-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1100-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-kvm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-170-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-5.15Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1092-kvmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1109-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1019-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-170-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1030-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-170-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2028-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-170-lowlatency-64k | Jun 26, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Oct 14, 2025 | Mar 12, 2025 |
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