In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net_sched: sch_sfq: don't allow 1 packet limit
The current implementation does not work correctly with a limit of 1. iproute2 actually checks for this and this patch adds the check in kernel as well.
This fixes the following syzkaller reported crash:
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_sfq.c:210:6 index 65535 is out of range for type 'struct sfq_head[128]' CPU: 0 PID: 2569 Comm: syz-executor101 Not tainted 5.10.0-smp-DEV #1 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:79 [inline] dump_stack+0x125/0x19f lib/dump_stack.c:120 ubsan_epilogue lib/ubsan.c:148 [inline] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xed/0x120 lib/ubsan.c:347 sfq_link net/sched/sch_sfq.c:210 [inline] sfq_dec+0x528/0x600 net/sched/sch_sfq.c:238 sfq_dequeue+0x39b/0x9d0 net/sched/sch_sfq.c:500 sfq_reset+0x13/0x50 net/sched/sch_sfq.c:525 qdisc_reset+0xfe/0x510 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1026 tbf_reset+0x3d/0x100 net/sched/sch_tbf.c:319 qdisc_reset+0xfe/0x510 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1026 dev_reset_queue+0x8c/0x140 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1296 netdev_for_each_tx_queue include/linux/netdevice.h:2350 [inline] dev_deactivate_many+0x6dc/0xc20 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1362 __dev_close_many+0x214/0x350 net/core/dev.c:1468 dev_close_many+0x207/0x510 net/core/dev.c:1506 unregister_netdevice_many+0x40f/0x16b0 net/core/dev.c:10738 unregister_netdevice_queue+0x2be/0x310 net/core/dev.c:10695 unregister_netdevice include/linux/netdevice.h:2893 [inline] __tun_detach+0x6b6/0x1600 drivers/net/tun.c:689 tun_detach drivers/net/tun.c:705 [inline] tun_chr_close+0x104/0x1b0 drivers/net/tun.c:3640 __fput+0x203/0x840 fs/file_table.c:280 task_work_run+0x129/0x1b0 kernel/task_work.c:185 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:33 [inline] do_exit+0x5ce/0x2200 kernel/exit.c:931 do_group_exit+0x144/0x310 kernel/exit.c:1046 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1057 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1055 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3b/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1055 do_syscall_64+0x6c/0xd0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7fe5e7b52479 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0x7fe5e7b5244f. RSP: 002b:00007ffd3c800398 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007fe5e7b52479 RDX: 000000000000003c RSI: 00000000000000e7 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 00007fe5e7bcd2d0 R08: ffffffffffffffb8 R09: 0000000000000014 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fe5e7bcd2d0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fe5e7bcdd20 R15: 00007fe5e7b24270
The crash can be also be reproduced with the following (with a tc recompiled to allow for sfq limits of 1):
tc qdisc add dev dummy0 handle 1: root tbf rate 1Kbit burst 100b lat 1s ../iproute2-6.9.0/tc/tc qdisc add dev dummy0 handle 2: parent 1:10 sfq limit 1 ifconfig dummy0 up ping -I dummy0 -f -c2 -W0.1 8.8.8.8 sleep 1
Scenario that triggers the crash:
* the first packet is sent and queued in TBF and SFQ; qdisc qlen is 1
* TBF dequeues: it peeks from SFQ which moves the packet to the gso_skb list and keeps qdisc qlen set to 1. TBF is out of tokens so it schedules itself for later.
* the second packet is sent and TBF tries to queues it to SFQ. qdisc qlen is now 2 and because the SFQ limit is 1 the packet is dropped by SFQ. At this point qlen is 1, and all of the SFQ slots are empty, however q->tail is not NULL.
At this point, assuming no more packets are queued, when sch_dequeue runs again it will decrement the qlen for the current empty slot causing an underflow and the subsequent out of bounds access.
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.239-236.958Upgrade python-perfUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.186-128.192 | May 20, 2026 | May 20, 2026 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-commonUpgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.1.129-138.220Upgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-headers | Jun 11, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux-6.1Upgrade linux | Mar 17, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp10 | — | Upgrade perfUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-tools | May 13, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp11 | — | Upgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-tools | Jun 13, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp12 | — | Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelists | Jul 21, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel | Jul 1, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uek | Aug 12, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1124-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1074-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-221-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1137-kvmUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-2085-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-awsUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-4.4.0-272-genericUpgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gkeUpgrade linux-image-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-awsUpgrade linux-image-aws-4.15Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1068-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1084-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1033-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-241-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1155-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1088-gkeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-virtual-lts-xenialUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2026-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-ibmUpgrade linux-image-raspi-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1013-raspiUpgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-5.4Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1167-kvmUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-genericUpgrade linux-image-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1054-iotUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-bluefield-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracleUpgrade linux-image-aws-fips-4.15Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1148-oracleUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1147-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-genericUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1154-azureUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-kvm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-snapdragon-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-fipsUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1184-awsUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-ibmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspi2Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1087-kvmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-4.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-5.4Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1020-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-virtual-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-oem-osp1Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1055-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1192-azureUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1117-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-azureUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-272-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-gcpUpgrade linux-image-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1025-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-4.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-snapdragon-5.4Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-221-genericUpgrade linux-image-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1010-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azureUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-5.4Upgrade linux-image-kvm-5.4Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-241-genericUpgrade linux-image-gcp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-genericUpgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-gcpUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-gkeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-lts-xenialUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1033-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1096-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-aws-hweUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1025-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1109-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-lts-xenialUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1148-oracleUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1177-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1090-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-4.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-oracleUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1148-kvmUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmp-5.4Upgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-oemUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-ibm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2029-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-aws-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-oracle-5.4Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-5.4Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1015-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1185-awsUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1139-fipsUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-2101-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-awsUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-4.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-raspi-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-16.04Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1031-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1146-oracleUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1133-raspiUpgrade linux-image-ibm-5.4Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-oemUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1022-oemUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-genericUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-raspiUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-2122-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-aws-5.4Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-virtual-5.4Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-raspiUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-221-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1149-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-16.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-4.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1089-oracle | May 21, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Jul 2, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
Prioritise with Active Threat Intelligence
With curated Threat Intelligence, you can see which vulnerabilities truly put you at risk, prioritize what matters most, and act before attackers do.
Explore Intelligence Hub