In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
block: fix rq-qos breakage from skipping rq_qos_done_bio()
a647a524a467 ("block: don't call rq_qos_ops->done_bio if the bio isn't tracked") made bio_endio() skip rq_qos_done_bio() if BIO_TRACKED is not set. While this fixed a potential oops, it also broke blk-iocost by skipping the done_bio callback for merged bios.
Before, whether a bio goes through rq_qos_throttle() or rq_qos_merge(), rq_qos_done_bio() would be called on the bio on completion with BIO_TRACKED distinguishing the former from the latter. rq_qos_done_bio() is not called for bios which wenth through rq_qos_merge(). This royally confuses blk-iocost as the merged bios never finish and are considered perpetually in-flight.
One reliably reproducible failure mode is an intermediate cgroup geting stuck active preventing its children from being activated due to the leaf-only rule, leading to loss of control. The following is from resctl-bench protection scenario which emulates isolating a web server like workload from a memory bomb run on an iocost configuration which should yield a reasonable level of protection.
# cat /sys/block/nvme2n1/device/model Samsung SSD 970 PRO 512GB # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.model 259:0 ctrl=user model=linear rbps=834913556 rseqiops=93622 rrandiops=102913 wbps=618985353 wseqiops=72325 wrandiops=71025 # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/io.cost.qos 259:0 enable=1 ctrl=user rpct=95.00 rlat=18776 wpct=95.00 wlat=8897 min=60.00 max=100.00 # resctl-bench -m 29.6G -r out.json run protection::scenario=mem-hog,loops=1 ... Memory Hog Summary ==================
IO Latency: R p50=242u:336u/2.5m p90=794u:1.4m/7.5m p99=2.7m:8.0m/62.5m max=8.0m:36.4m/350m W p50=221u:323u/1.5m p90=709u:1.2m/5.5m p99=1.5m:2.5m/9.5m max=6.9m:35.9m/350m
Isolation and Request Latency Impact Distributions:
min p01 p05 p10 p25 p50 p75 p90 p95 p99 max mean stdev isol% 15.90 15.90 15.90 40.05 57.24 59.07 60.01 74.63 74.63 90.35 90.35 58.12 15.82 lat-imp% 0 0 0 0 0 4.55 14.68 15.54 233.5 548.1 548.1 53.88 143.6
Result: isol=58.12:15.82% lat_imp=53.88%:143.6 work_csv=100.0% missing=3.96%
The isolation result of 58.12% is close to what this device would show without any IO control.
Fix it by introducing a new flag BIO_QOS_MERGED to mark merged bios and calling rq_qos_done_bio() on them too. For consistency and clarity, rename BIO_TRACKED to BIO_QOS_THROTTLED. The flag checks are moved into rq_qos_done_bio() so that it's next to the code paths that set the flags.
With the patch applied, the above same benchmark shows:
# resctl-bench -m 29.6G -r out.json run protection::scenario=mem-hog,loops=1 ... Memory Hog Summary ==================
IO Latency: R p50=123u:84.4u/985u p90=322u:256u/2.5m p99=1.6m:1.4m/9.5m max=11.1m:36.0m/350m W p50=429u:274u/995u p90=1.7m:1.3m/4.5m p99=3.4m:2.7m/11.5m max=7.9m:5.9m/26.5m
Isolation and Request Latency Impact Distributions:
min p01 p05 p10 p25 p50 p75 p90 p95 p99 max mean stdev isol% 84.91 84.91 89.51 90.73 92.31 94.49 96.36 98.04 98.71 100.0 100.0 94.42 2.81 lat-imp% 0 0 0 0 0 2.81 5.73 11.11 13.92 17.53 22.61 4.10 4.68
Result: isol=94.42:2.81% lat_imp=4.10%:4.68 work_csv=58.34% missing=0%
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 5.5
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernel-develUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade perfUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.54-25.126Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade python-perfUpgrade bpftool-debuginfo | May 22, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Feb 27, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp11 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel | Oct 14, 2025 | Sep 9, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp12 | — | Upgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel | Sep 15, 2025 | Sep 9, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelists | Oct 24, 2025 | Sep 9, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-kvmUpgrade linux-raspiUpgrade linux-gcpUpgrade linux-realtimeUpgrade linux-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-riscv-5.15Upgrade linux-oracleUpgrade linux-gcp-5.15Upgrade linux-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-awsUpgrade linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Upgrade linux-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-hwe-5.15Upgrade linux-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-azureUpgrade linux-nvidiaUpgrade linux-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-ibmUpgrade linuxUpgrade linux-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-gkeUpgrade linux-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-gkeop | Mar 19, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
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