In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/microcode/AMD: Fix out-of-bounds on systems with CPU-less NUMA nodes
Currently, load_microcode_amd() iterates over all NUMA nodes, retrieves their CPU masks and unconditionally accesses per-CPU data for the first CPU of each mask.
According to Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numaperf.rst:
"Some memory may share the same node as a CPU, and others are provided as memory only nodes."
Therefore, some node CPU masks may be empty and wouldn't have a "first CPU".
On a machine with far memory (and therefore CPU-less NUMA nodes): - cpumask_of_node(nid) is 0 - cpumask_first(0) is CONFIG_NR_CPUS - cpu_data(CONFIG_NR_CPUS) accesses the cpu_info per-CPU array at an index that is 1 out of bounds
This does not have any security implications since flashing microcode is a privileged operation but I believe this has reliability implications by potentially corrupting memory while flashing a microcode update.
When booting with CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS=y on an AMD machine that flashes a microcode update. I get the following splat:
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c:X:Y index 512 is out of range for type 'unsigned long[512]' [...] Call Trace: dump_stack __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds load_microcode_amd request_microcode_amd reload_store kernfs_fop_write_iter vfs_write ksys_write do_syscall_64 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
Change the loop to go over only NUMA nodes which have CPUs before determining whether the first CPU on the respective node needs microcode update.
[ bp: Massage commit message, fix typo. ]
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alma_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-64kUpgrade kernel-64k-debugUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-kvmUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-cross-headersUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-64k-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-develUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-rt-64kUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade kernel-docUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-64k-develUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-kvmUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addons | Jul 17, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.236-227.928Upgrade python-perfUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.234-225.921Upgrade perfUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.234-225.910Upgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-livepatch-4.14.355-276.639Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.234-225.917 | Apr 30, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Amazon_linux | — | Upgrade kernel | May 22, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-commonUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel6.12Upgrade kernel-develUpgrade python3-perf6.12Upgrade perf6.12Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.12.20-23.97Upgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extraUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | Apr 30, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux-6.1Upgrade linux | Apr 14, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade python3-perf | Jul 1, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uekUpgrade kernel | Jun 30, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernelNo solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Rocky_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-rt-kvmUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade rvUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-cross-headersUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-kvmUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-s390xUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade perfUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade libperf-debuginfo | Feb 5, 2026 | Jul 29, 2025 |
| Suse | — | Upgrade dtb-amdUpgrade dtb-hisiliconUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatch-develUpgrade kernel-defaultUpgrade kernel-rt-vdsoUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-amlogicUpgrade dtb-marvellUpgrade kernel-rt_debugUpgrade kernel-syms-rtUpgrade kernel-rt-optionalUpgrade dtb-sprdUpgrade kselftests-kmp-rtUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-docs-htmlUpgrade kernel-default-baseUpgrade dlm-kmp-azureUpgrade dlm-kmp-defaultUpgrade dtb-socionextUpgrade kernel-azure-extraUpgrade kernel-docsUpgrade dtb-armUpgrade kernel-default-livepatch-develUpgrade kernel-obs-qaUpgrade dtb-apmUpgrade dtb-broadcomUpgrade kernel-source-rtUpgrade dtb-renesasUpgrade dtb-appleUpgrade dtb-nvidiaUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-kvmsmallUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-azure-develUpgrade kselftests-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-azure-vdsoUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-vdsoUpgrade kernel-macrosUpgrade dlm-kmp-rtUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-64kb-optionalUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-symsUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-default-extraUpgrade kernel-azure-optionalUpgrade dtb-allwinnerUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-freescaleUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kselftests-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-default-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-caviumUpgrade kernel-sourceUpgrade kernel-default-livepatchUpgrade dtb-xilinxUpgrade dlm-kmp-64kbUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-source-azureUpgrade kernel-default-optionalUpgrade dtb-lgUpgrade kernel-rt-extraUpgrade kernel-obs-buildUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-source-vanillaUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-develUpgrade dtb-alteraUpgrade kernel-devel-rtUpgrade kernel-devel-azureUpgrade dtb-rockchipUpgrade gfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-mediatekUpgrade dtb-exynosUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-azureUpgrade kselftests-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-syms-azureUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-default-vdsoUpgrade kernel-debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade gfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade dtb-qcomUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade dtb-amazonUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-default-base-rebuildUpgrade kernel-azureUpgrade kernel-64kb-extraUpgrade kernel-64kb-develUpgrade kernel-64kb | Dec 5, 2025 | Jul 16, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-snapdragon-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1040-gcpUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1023-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-oracleUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2031-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-raspiUpgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-azureUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1025-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1152-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1034-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-84-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1068-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-84-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-genericUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1079-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1145-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-gkeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oemUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1082-kvmUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1028-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-raspiUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.11Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-fipsUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-84-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-raspi2Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1078-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-edgeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-awsUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.11Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1134-kvmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.11Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspi-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1040-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1121-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1039-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-awsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1039-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-genericUpgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.11Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1028-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-85-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1081-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracleUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1051-iotUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1024-oemUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-84-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcpUpgrade linux-image-oem-osp1Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1065-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-85-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1106-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1130-raspiUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1093-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1050-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-azure | Jun 20, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Sep 22, 2025 | Apr 2, 2025 |
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