CVE-2025-22036: Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

exfat: fix random stack corruption after get_block

When get_block is called with a buffer_head allocated on the stack, such as do_mpage_readpage, stack corruption due to buffer_head UAF may occur in the following race condition situation.

<CPU 0> <CPU 1> mpage_read_folio <<bh on stack>> do_mpage_readpage exfat_get_block bh_read __bh_read get_bh(bh) submit_bh wait_on_buffer ... end_buffer_read_sync __end_buffer_read_notouch unlock_buffer <<keep going>> ... ... ... ... <<bh is not valid out of mpage_read_folio>> . . another_function <<variable A on stack>> put_bh(bh) atomic_dec(bh->b_count) * stack corruption here *

This patch returns -EAGAIN if a folio does not have buffers when bh_read needs to be called. By doing this, the caller can fallback to functions like block_read_full_folio(), create a buffer_head in the folio, and then call get_block again.

Let's do not call bh_read() with on-stack buffer_head.