CVE-2026-82736: Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize

Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize vulnerability in ash-project ash lets an attacker store a case-insensitive string value that violates its length or match constraints.

Ash.Type.CiString.apply_constraints/2 (lib/ash/type/ci_string.ex) validated the max_length, min_length, and match constraints against the value as submitted, while the type case-folds the string (per its casing) for storage and comparison. Because validation ran before folding, an attacker can submit a value whose folded form breaks a constraint but whose original form passes: for example, against a match pattern requiring uppercase, an uppercase value that is stored lowercased persists a value the pattern rejects. The fix case-folds the value at the start of apply_constraints/2, so the constraints are checked against the form that is actually stored.

This issue affects ash: from 1.29.0-rc0 before 3.32.2.