In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
idpf: convert workqueues to unbound
When a workqueue is created with `WQ_UNBOUND`, its work items are served by special worker-pools, whose host workers are not bound to any specific CPU. In the default configuration (i.e. when `queue_delayed_work` and friends do not specify which CPU to run the work item on), `WQ_UNBOUND` allows the work item to be executed on any CPU in the same node of the CPU it was enqueued on. While this solution potentially sacrifices locality, it avoids contention with other processes that might dominate the CPU time of the processor the work item was scheduled on.
This is not just a theoretical problem: in a particular scenario misconfigured process was hogging most of the time from CPU0, leaving less than 0.5% of its CPU time to the kworker. The IDPF workqueues that were using the kworker on CPU0 suffered large completion delays as a result, causing performance degradation, timeouts and eventual system crash.
* I have also run a manual test to gauge the performance improvement. The test consists of an antagonist process (`./stress --cpu 2`) consuming as much of CPU 0 as possible. This process is run under `taskset 01` to bind it to CPU0, and its priority is changed with `chrt -pQ 9900 10000 ${pid}` and `renice -n -20 ${pid}` after start.
Then, the IDPF driver is forced to prefer CPU0 by editing all calls to `queue_delayed_work`, `mod_delayed_work`, etc... to use CPU 0.
Finally, `ktraces` for the workqueue events are collected.
Without the current patch, the antagonist process can force arbitrary delays between `workqueue_queue_work` and `workqueue_execute_start`, that in my tests were as high as `30ms`. With the current patch applied, the workqueue can be migrated to another unloaded CPU in the same node, and, keeping everything else equal, the maximum delay I could see was `6us`.
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 5.5
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alma_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-develUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-docUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-64kUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-64kUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-64k-develUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-cross-headersUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-extra | Nov 20, 2025 | Nov 11, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Jul 27, 2026 | Jul 27, 2026 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel | Nov 28, 2025 | Mar 6, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | Upgrade kernelNo solution existsUpgrade kernel-rt | Jul 9, 2025 | Mar 6, 2025 |
| Rocky_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade libperf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-s390xUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade perfUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-matchedUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-rt-debug | Feb 5, 2026 | Nov 21, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-genericUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1015-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracleUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-gkeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-awsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-raspiUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-oemUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-genericUpgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcpUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azureUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-ibmUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1025-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1010-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1034-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcpUpgrade linux-image-oem-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1034-azureUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1022-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2026-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1022-oemUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1013-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracle-64k | May 21, 2025 | Mar 6, 2025 |
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