In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
blk-iocost: use spin_lock_irqsave in adjust_inuse_and_calc_cost
adjust_inuse_and_calc_cost() use spin_lock_irq() and IRQ will be enabled when unlock. DEADLOCK might happen if we have held other locks and disabled IRQ before invoking it.
Fix it by using spin_lock_irqsave() instead, which can keep IRQ state consistent with before when unlock.
================================ WARNING: inconsistent lock state 5.10.0-02758-g8e5f91fd772f #26 Not tainted -------------------------------- inconsistent {IN-HARDIRQ-W} -> {HARDIRQ-ON-W} usage. kworker/2:3/388 [HC0[0]:SC0[0]:HE0:SE1] takes: ffff888118c00c28 (&bfqd->lock){?.-.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock_irq ffff888118c00c28 (&bfqd->lock){?.-.}-{2:2}, at: bfq_bio_merge+0x141/0x390 {IN-HARDIRQ-W} state was registered at: __lock_acquire+0x3d7/0x1070 lock_acquire+0x197/0x4a0 __raw_spin_lock_irqsave _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x3b/0x60 bfq_idle_slice_timer_body bfq_idle_slice_timer+0x53/0x1d0 __run_hrtimer+0x477/0xa70 __hrtimer_run_queues+0x1c6/0x2d0 hrtimer_interrupt+0x302/0x9e0 local_apic_timer_interrupt __sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xfd/0x420 run_sysvec_on_irqstack_cond sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x46/0xa0 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x12/0x20 irq event stamp: 837522 hardirqs last enabled at (837521): [<ffffffff84b9419d>] __raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore hardirqs last enabled at (837521): [<ffffffff84b9419d>] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x3d/0x40 hardirqs last disabled at (837522): [<ffffffff84b93fa3>] __raw_spin_lock_irq hardirqs last disabled at (837522): [<ffffffff84b93fa3>] _raw_spin_lock_irq+0x43/0x50 softirqs last enabled at (835852): [<ffffffff84e00558>] __do_softirq+0x558/0x8ec softirqs last disabled at (835845): [<ffffffff84c010ff>] asm_call_irq_on_stack+0xf/0x20
other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 ---- lock(&bfqd->lock); <Interrupt> lock(&bfqd->lock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
3 locks held by kworker/2:3/388: #0: ffff888107af0f38 ((wq_completion)kthrotld){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x742/0x13f0 #1: ffff8881176bfdd8 ((work_completion)(&td->dispatch_work)){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x777/0x13f0 #2: ffff888118c00c28 (&bfqd->lock){?.-.}-{2:2}, at: spin_lock_irq #2: ffff888118c00c28 (&bfqd->lock){?.-.}-{2:2}, at: bfq_bio_merge+0x141/0x390
stack backtrace: CPU: 2 PID: 388 Comm: kworker/2:3 Not tainted 5.10.0-02758-g8e5f91fd772f #26 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Workqueue: kthrotld blk_throtl_dispatch_work_fn Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline] dump_stack+0x107/0x167 print_usage_bug valid_state mark_lock_irq.cold+0x32/0x3a mark_lock+0x693/0xbc0 mark_held_locks+0x9e/0xe0 __trace_hardirqs_on_caller lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare.part.0+0x151/0x360 trace_hardirqs_on+0x5b/0x180 __raw_spin_unlock_irq _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x24/0x40 spin_unlock_irq adjust_inuse_and_calc_cost+0x4fb/0x970 ioc_rqos_merge+0x277/0x740 __rq_qos_merge+0x62/0xb0 rq_qos_merge bio_attempt_back_merge+0x12c/0x4a0 blk_mq_sched_try_merge+0x1b6/0x4d0 bfq_bio_merge+0x24a/0x390 __blk_mq_sched_bio_merge+0xa6/0x460 blk_mq_sched_bio_merge blk_mq_submit_bio+0x2e7/0x1ee0 __submit_bio_noacct_mq+0x175/0x3b0 submit_bio_noacct+0x1fb/0x270 blk_throtl_dispatch_work_fn+0x1ef/0x2b0 process_one_work+0x83e/0x13f0 process_scheduled_works worker_thread+0x7e3/0xd80 kthread+0x353/0x470 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.122-77.145Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade python-perfUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.192-182.736Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-debuginfo | May 20, 2026 | May 20, 2026 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade kernel-livepatch-6.1.41-63.109Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade perfUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade bpftool-debuginfo | Nov 6, 2025 | Oct 22, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Oct 24, 2025 | Oct 24, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libs | Mar 10, 2026 | Mar 10, 2026 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 17, 2026 | Oct 22, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-gcp-5.15Upgrade linux-realtimeUpgrade linux-bluefieldUpgrade linux-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15Upgrade linux-ibm-5.15Upgrade linux-gcpUpgrade linux-riscv-5.15Upgrade linux-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-awsUpgrade linux-kvmUpgrade linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Upgrade linux-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linuxUpgrade linux-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-oracleUpgrade linux-hwe-5.15Upgrade linux-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-raspiUpgrade linux-ibmUpgrade linux-azureUpgrade linux-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-gkeopUpgrade linux-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-gkeUpgrade linux-nvidia | Oct 28, 2025 | Oct 24, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | May 27, 2026 | Oct 22, 2025 |
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