In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Disable migration in nf_hook_run_bpf().
syzbot reported that the netfilter bpf prog can be called without migration disabled in xmit path.
Then the assertion in __bpf_prog_run() fails, triggering the splat below. [0]
Let's use bpf_prog_run_pin_on_cpu() in nf_hook_run_bpf().
[0]: BUG: assuming non migratable context at ./include/linux/filter.h:703 in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, migration_disabled() 0 pid: 5829, name: sshd-session 3 locks held by sshd-session/5829: #0: ffff88807b4e4218 (sk_lock-AF_INET){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: lock_sock include/net/sock.h:1667 [inline] #0: ffff88807b4e4218 (sk_lock-AF_INET){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: tcp_sendmsg+0x20/0x50 net/ipv4/tcp.c:1395 #1: ffffffff8e5c4e00 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline] #1: ffffffff8e5c4e00 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:841 [inline] #1: ffffffff8e5c4e00 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: __ip_queue_xmit+0x69/0x26c0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:470 #2: ffffffff8e5c4e00 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline] #2: ffffffff8e5c4e00 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:841 [inline] #2: ffffffff8e5c4e00 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:3}, at: nf_hook+0xb2/0x680 include/linux/netfilter.h:241 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5829 Comm: sshd-session Not tainted 6.16.0-rc6-syzkaller-00002-g155a3c003e55 #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Call Trace: <TASK> __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 __cant_migrate kernel/sched/core.c:8860 [inline] __cant_migrate+0x1c7/0x250 kernel/sched/core.c:8834 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:703 [inline] bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:725 [inline] nf_hook_run_bpf+0x83/0x1e0 net/netfilter/nf_bpf_link.c:20 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:157 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xbb/0x200 net/netfilter/core.c:623 nf_hook+0x370/0x680 include/linux/netfilter.h:272 NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:305 [inline] ip_output+0x1bc/0x2a0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:433 dst_output include/net/dst.h:459 [inline] ip_local_out net/ipv4/ip_output.c:129 [inline] __ip_queue_xmit+0x1d7d/0x26c0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:527 __tcp_transmit_skb+0x2686/0x3e90 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1479 tcp_transmit_skb net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1497 [inline] tcp_write_xmit+0x1274/0x84e0 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:2838 __tcp_push_pending_frames+0xaf/0x390 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:3021 tcp_push+0x225/0x700 net/ipv4/tcp.c:759 tcp_sendmsg_locked+0x1870/0x42b0 net/ipv4/tcp.c:1359 tcp_sendmsg+0x2e/0x50 net/ipv4/tcp.c:1396 inet_sendmsg+0xb9/0x140 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline] __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:727 [inline] sock_write_iter+0x4aa/0x5b0 net/socket.c:1131 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x6c7/0x1150 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x1f8/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0x4c0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fe7d365d407 Code: 48 89 fa 4c 89 df e8 38 aa 00 00 8b 93 08 03 00 00 59 5e 48 83 f8 fc 74 1a 5b c3 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 8b 44 24 10 0f 05 <5b> c3 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 83 e2 39 83 fa 08 75 de e8 23 ff ff ff RSP:
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade perf6.12Upgrade kernel6.12Upgrade kernel6.12-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extra-commonUpgrade bpftool6.12Upgrade kernel6.12-modules-extraUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-libbpf-develUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel6.12-headersUpgrade kernel6.12-toolsUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel6.12-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-tools-develUpgrade perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.12.46-66.121Upgrade kernel6.12-develUpgrade python3-perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf6.12Upgrade kernel6.12-libbpfUpgrade bpftool6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-libbpf-static | Sep 30, 2025 | Aug 22, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Jul 23, 2026 | Jul 23, 2026 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uek | Oct 16, 2025 | Aug 22, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 17, 2026 | Aug 22, 2025 |
| Suse | — | Upgrade dtb-amdUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade dtb-armUpgrade kernel-defaultUpgrade dlm-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-rt_debugUpgrade kselftests-kmp-defaultUpgrade gfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-rockchipUpgrade kernel-rt-extraUpgrade gfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kselftests-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-default-livepatch-develUpgrade kernel-obs-buildUpgrade kernel-default-optionalUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-64kbUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-rtUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-64kb-extraUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-rt-vdsoUpgrade kselftests-kmp-azureUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-source-rtUpgrade dtb-allwinnerUpgrade dlm-kmp-defaultUpgrade dtb-renesasUpgrade kernel-azureUpgrade kernel-source-vanillaUpgrade dtb-caviumUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-develUpgrade kernel-docsUpgrade dtb-sprdUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-vdsoUpgrade dtb-socionextUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-default-baseUpgrade kernel-rt-optionalUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-64kbUpgrade dlm-kmp-rtUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-default-base-rebuildUpgrade dtb-nvidiaUpgrade dtb-xilinxUpgrade kernel-debug-vdsoUpgrade dtb-apmUpgrade dtb-lgUpgrade dtb-broadcomUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-develUpgrade kernel-default-livepatchUpgrade kernel-syms-azureUpgrade kernel-symsUpgrade kernel-default-extraUpgrade kernel-obs-qaUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-kvmsmallUpgrade gfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-hisiliconUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-default-vdsoUpgrade kernel-azure-extraUpgrade dtb-amlogicUpgrade dtb-alteraUpgrade kernel-syms-rtUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatchUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-azure-optionalUpgrade kernel-docs-htmlUpgrade dtb-freescaleUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-devel-azureUpgrade kernel-source-azureUpgrade kernel-sourceUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatch-develUpgrade kernel-macrosUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade dlm-kmp-64kbUpgrade kselftests-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-exynosUpgrade dtb-appleUpgrade dtb-amazonUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dtb-marvellUpgrade dtb-qcomUpgrade kernel-64kb-optionalUpgrade dtb-mediatekUpgrade kernel-64kbUpgrade kernel-64kb-develUpgrade kernel-default-develUpgrade kernel-azure-vdsoUpgrade kernel-azure-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-devel-rt | Dec 5, 2025 | Oct 15, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oem-6.14Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1020-gcpUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1017-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-36-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2037-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-6.14Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1017-oracleUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1030-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-xilinxUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.14Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1016-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.14Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1020-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1044-ibmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1023-xilinxUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-36-genericUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-6.8Upgrade linux-image-raspi-6.14Upgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.14Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1017-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1016-oemUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-genericUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1017-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.14Upgrade linux-image-aws-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1041-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-awsUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1051-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1018-raspiUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1017-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-raspiUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.14Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.14Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8 | Nov 25, 2025 | Nov 21, 2025 |
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