In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ftrace: Clean up hash direct_functions on register failures
We see the following GPF when register_ftrace_direct fails:
[ ] general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address \ 0x200000000000010: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC PTI [...] [ ] RIP: 0010:ftrace_find_rec_direct+0x53/0x70 [ ] Code: 48 c1 e0 03 48 03 42 08 48 8b 10 31 c0 48 85 d2 74 [...] [ ] RSP: 0018:ffffc9000138bc10 EFLAGS: 00010206 [ ] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff813e0df0 RCX: 000000000000003b [ ] RDX: 0200000000000000 RSI: 000000000000000c RDI: ffffffff813e0df0 [ ] RBP: ffffffffa00a3000 R08: ffffffff81180ce0 R09: 0000000000000001 [ ] R10: ffffc9000138bc18 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: ffffffff813e0df0 [ ] R13: ffffffff813e0df0 R14: ffff888171b56400 R15: 0000000000000000 [ ] FS: 00007fa9420c7780(0000) GS:ffff888ff6a00000(0000) knlGS:000000000 [ ] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ ] CR2: 000000000770d000 CR3: 0000000107d50003 CR4: 0000000000370ee0 [ ] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ ] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ ] Call Trace: [ ] <TASK> [ ] register_ftrace_direct+0x54/0x290 [ ] ? render_sigset_t+0xa0/0xa0 [ ] bpf_trampoline_update+0x3f5/0x4a0 [ ] ? 0xffffffffa00a3000 [ ] bpf_trampoline_link_prog+0xa9/0x140 [ ] bpf_tracing_prog_attach+0x1dc/0x450 [ ] bpf_raw_tracepoint_open+0x9a/0x1e0 [ ] ? find_held_lock+0x2d/0x90 [ ] ? lock_release+0x150/0x430 [ ] __sys_bpf+0xbd6/0x2700 [ ] ? lock_is_held_type+0xd8/0x130 [ ] __x64_sys_bpf+0x1c/0x20 [ ] do_syscall_64+0x3a/0x80 [ ] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae [ ] RIP: 0033:0x7fa9421defa9 [ ] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 9 f8 [...] [ ] RSP: 002b:00007ffed743bd78 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000141 [ ] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00000000069d2480 RCX: 00007fa9421defa9 [ ] RDX: 0000000000000078 RSI: 00007ffed743bd80 RDI: 0000000000000011 [ ] RBP: 00007ffed743be00 R08: 0000000000bb7270 R09: 0000000000000000 [ ] R10: 00000000069da210 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001 [ ] R13: 00007ffed743c4b0 R14: 00000000069d2480 R15: 0000000000000001 [ ] </TASK> [ ] Modules linked in: klp_vm(OK) [ ] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
One way to trigger this is: 1. load a livepatch that patches kernel function xxx; 2. run bpftrace -e 'kfunc:xxx {}', this will fail (expected for now); 3. repeat #2 => gpf.
This is because the entry is added to direct_functions, but not removed. Fix this by remove the entry from direct_functions when register_ftrace_direct fails.
Also remove the last trailing space from ftrace.c, so we don't have to worry about it anymore.
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 5.5
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade python-perfUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.126-117.518Upgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.50-23.125Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-devel | Mar 14, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Feb 27, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libs | Jul 1, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-hwe-5.15Upgrade linux-raspiUpgrade linux-gkeUpgrade linux-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15Upgrade linux-awsUpgrade linux-azureUpgrade linux-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-realtimeUpgrade linux-riscv-5.15Upgrade linux-gcp-5.15Upgrade linuxUpgrade linux-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-gkeopUpgrade linux-oracleUpgrade linux-gcpUpgrade linux-nvidiaUpgrade linux-ibmUpgrade linux-kvm | Mar 19, 2025 | Feb 26, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | May 27, 2026 | Feb 26, 2025 |
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