In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net_sched: sch_sfq: don't allow 1 packet limit
The current implementation does not work correctly with a limit of 1. iproute2 actually checks for this and this patch adds the check in kernel as well.
This fixes the following syzkaller reported crash:
UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_sfq.c:210:6 index 65535 is out of range for type 'struct sfq_head[128]' CPU: 0 PID: 2569 Comm: syz-executor101 Not tainted 5.10.0-smp-DEV #1 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 09/13/2024 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:79 [inline] dump_stack+0x125/0x19f lib/dump_stack.c:120 ubsan_epilogue lib/ubsan.c:148 [inline] __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xed/0x120 lib/ubsan.c:347 sfq_link net/sched/sch_sfq.c:210 [inline] sfq_dec+0x528/0x600 net/sched/sch_sfq.c:238 sfq_dequeue+0x39b/0x9d0 net/sched/sch_sfq.c:500 sfq_reset+0x13/0x50 net/sched/sch_sfq.c:525 qdisc_reset+0xfe/0x510 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1026 tbf_reset+0x3d/0x100 net/sched/sch_tbf.c:319 qdisc_reset+0xfe/0x510 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1026 dev_reset_queue+0x8c/0x140 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1296 netdev_for_each_tx_queue include/linux/netdevice.h:2350 [inline] dev_deactivate_many+0x6dc/0xc20 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1362 __dev_close_many+0x214/0x350 net/core/dev.c:1468 dev_close_many+0x207/0x510 net/core/dev.c:1506 unregister_netdevice_many+0x40f/0x16b0 net/core/dev.c:10738 unregister_netdevice_queue+0x2be/0x310 net/core/dev.c:10695 unregister_netdevice include/linux/netdevice.h:2893 [inline] __tun_detach+0x6b6/0x1600 drivers/net/tun.c:689 tun_detach drivers/net/tun.c:705 [inline] tun_chr_close+0x104/0x1b0 drivers/net/tun.c:3640 __fput+0x203/0x840 fs/file_table.c:280 task_work_run+0x129/0x1b0 kernel/task_work.c:185 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:33 [inline] do_exit+0x5ce/0x2200 kernel/exit.c:931 do_group_exit+0x144/0x310 kernel/exit.c:1046 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1057 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1055 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3b/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1055 do_syscall_64+0x6c/0xd0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7fe5e7b52479 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at RIP 0x7fe5e7b5244f. RSP: 002b:00007ffd3c800398 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007fe5e7b52479 RDX: 000000000000003c RSI: 00000000000000e7 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 00007fe5e7bcd2d0 R08: ffffffffffffffb8 R09: 0000000000000014 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007fe5e7bcd2d0 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fe5e7bcdd20 R15: 00007fe5e7b24270
The crash can be also be reproduced with the following (with a tc recompiled to allow for sfq limits of 1):
tc qdisc add dev dummy0 handle 1: root tbf rate 1Kbit burst 100b lat 1s ../iproute2-6.9.0/tc/tc qdisc add dev dummy0 handle 2: parent 1:10 sfq limit 1 ifconfig dummy0 up ping -I dummy0 -f -c2 -W0.1 8.8.8.8 sleep 1
Scenario that triggers the crash:
* the first packet is sent and queued in TBF and SFQ; qdisc qlen is 1
* TBF dequeues: it peeks from SFQ which moves the packet to the gso_skb list and keeps qdisc qlen set to 1. TBF is out of tokens so it schedules itself for later.
* the second packet is sent and TBF tries to queues it to SFQ. qdisc qlen is now 2 and because the SFQ limit is 1 the packet is dropped by SFQ. At this point qlen is 1, and all of the SFQ slots are empty, however q->tail is not NULL.
At this point, assuming no more packets are queued, when sch_dequeue runs again it will decrement the qlen for the current empty slot causing an underflow and the subsequent out of bounds access.
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.239-236.958Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade python-perfUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.186-128.192Upgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade python-perf-debuginfo | May 20, 2026 | May 20, 2026 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.1.129-138.220Upgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-commonUpgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf | Jun 11, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux-6.1Upgrade linux | Mar 17, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp10 | — | Upgrade perfUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftool | May 13, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp11 | — | Upgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftool | Jun 13, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp12 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade bpftool | Jul 21, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelists | Jul 1, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uek | Aug 12, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-raspiUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1149-oracleUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1089-oracleUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-16.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-221-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-4.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-raspiUpgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-azure-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2029-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-aws-5.4Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-5.4Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-2122-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspi-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1025-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1133-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1031-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-gcp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-generic-5.4Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-gkeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-5.4Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1148-oracleUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1109-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-lts-xenialUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-azureUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1096-ibmUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-lts-xenialUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1185-awsUpgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1090-oracleUpgrade linux-image-azure-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1015-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-awsUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1139-fipsUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1177-gcpUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1033-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmp-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-kvm-5.4Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oemUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-oracle-5.4Upgrade linux-image-generic-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-4.15Upgrade linux-image-ibm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-oracleUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1148-kvmUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1146-oracleUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-241-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-2101-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-aws-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-oemUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-4.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-5.4Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-genericUpgrade linux-image-ibm-5.4Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-16.04Upgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-aws-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-gcpUpgrade linux-image-aws-hweUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1022-oemUpgrade linux-image-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-gcpUpgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-bluefield-5.4Upgrade linux-image-4.4.0-272-genericUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-ibmUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1184-awsUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2026-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1025-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1020-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-oem-osp1Upgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1192-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-ibmUpgrade linux-image-virtual-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-79-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1013-raspiUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1137-kvmUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1147-awsUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1167-kvmUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-2085-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-awsUpgrade linux-image-aws-4.15Upgrade linux-image-virtual-lts-xenialUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gkeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1068-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-4.4.0-1117-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1037-gcpUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1124-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1088-gkeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1074-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracleUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-221-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1087-kvmUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1155-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-raspi2Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-4.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-fips-5.4Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1154-azureUpgrade linux-image-snapdragon-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-kvm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-fips-4.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1084-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1054-iotUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-raspi-5.4Upgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-fipsUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-18.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-awsUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-gcp-5.4Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-azureUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-raspi-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-1148-oracleUpgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-5.15Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1055-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-oem-6.8Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1010-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1033-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-153-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1036-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-221-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-awsUpgrade linux-image-4.4.0-272-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-4.15.0-241-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-snapdragon-5.4Upgrade linux-image-oracle-4.15Upgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-5.15 | May 21, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Jul 2, 2025 | Feb 27, 2025 |
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