In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
idpf: convert workqueues to unbound
When a workqueue is created with `WQ_UNBOUND`, its work items are served by special worker-pools, whose host workers are not bound to any specific CPU. In the default configuration (i.e. when `queue_delayed_work` and friends do not specify which CPU to run the work item on), `WQ_UNBOUND` allows the work item to be executed on any CPU in the same node of the CPU it was enqueued on. While this solution potentially sacrifices locality, it avoids contention with other processes that might dominate the CPU time of the processor the work item was scheduled on.
This is not just a theoretical problem: in a particular scenario misconfigured process was hogging most of the time from CPU0, leaving less than 0.5% of its CPU time to the kworker. The IDPF workqueues that were using the kworker on CPU0 suffered large completion delays as a result, causing performance degradation, timeouts and eventual system crash.
* I have also run a manual test to gauge the performance improvement. The test consists of an antagonist process (`./stress --cpu 2`) consuming as much of CPU 0 as possible. This process is run under `taskset 01` to bind it to CPU0, and its priority is changed with `chrt -pQ 9900 10000 ${pid}` and `renice -n -20 ${pid}` after start.
Then, the IDPF driver is forced to prefer CPU0 by editing all calls to `queue_delayed_work`, `mod_delayed_work`, etc... to use CPU 0.
Finally, `ktraces` for the workqueue events are collected.
Without the current patch, the antagonist process can force arbitrary delays between `workqueue_queue_work` and `workqueue_execute_start`, that in my tests were as high as `30ms`. With the current patch applied, the workqueue can be migrated to another unloaded CPU in the same node, and, keeping everything else equal, the maximum delay I could see was `6us`.
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alma_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-coreUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64kUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-develUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-develUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-docUpgrade kernel-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-modules-coreUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64k-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-64kUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debugUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-64k-develUpgrade kernel-64k-modulesUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-64k-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-cross-headersUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-64k-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade kernel-devel-matched | Nov 20, 2025 | Nov 11, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Jul 27, 2026 | Jul 27, 2026 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel | Nov 28, 2025 | Mar 6, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | Upgrade kernelNo solution existsUpgrade kernel-rt | Jul 9, 2025 | Mar 6, 2025 |
| Rocky_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-modules-extra-matchedUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-rt-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-rt-modulesUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-modulesUpgrade kernel-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-modulesUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-develUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-coreUpgrade rtlaUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matchedUpgrade kernel-rt-debugUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-debug-coreUpgrade kernel-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-coreUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debug-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-uki-virt-addonsUpgrade kernel-uki-virtUpgrade kernel-modules-coreUpgrade rvUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modulesUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-coreUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-s390xUpgrade libperf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-devel-matchedUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-zfcpdump-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-rt-debug-develUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade libperfUpgrade kernel-rt-modules-coreUpgrade kernel-debug-devel-matchedUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-tools-libs-devel | Feb 5, 2026 | Nov 21, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1015-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-26-genericUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcpUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-oemUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1028-gkeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-genericUpgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1032-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1013-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1010-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1034-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1033-gcpUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-ibmUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1034-azureUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1022-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2026-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1031-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1022-oemUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-64-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1025-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-awsUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04b | May 21, 2025 | Mar 6, 2025 |
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