In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching
Kairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during ftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a 'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(), and executing the following script:
$ echo function_graph > current_tracer $ cat trace > /dev/null & $ sleep 5 # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point $ echo timerlat > current_tracer
The root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags within print_trace_line during each s_show():
* One through 'iter->trace->print_line()'; * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns.
Tracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues to use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script above is print_graph_function_flags.
Moreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the 'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the 'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set it to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()' to use an invalid 'iter->private'.
To fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after freeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer is not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary 'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and irqsoff tracers.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.180-122.191Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.236-227.928Upgrade python-perfUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-tools | May 22, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade kernel-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel6.12Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.12.23-29.97Upgrade kernel-modules-extra-commonUpgrade perf6.12Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernelUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extraUpgrade perfUpgrade python3-perf6.12Upgrade kernel-livepatch-6.1.134-150.224Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | Jun 11, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux-6.1Upgrade linux | Apr 29, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel | Jul 1, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uek | Jun 30, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Suse | — | Upgrade cluster-md-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-sourceUpgrade dtb-appleUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade dtb-marvellUpgrade kernel-devel-azureUpgrade kernel-64kb-develUpgrade kernel-azure-vdsoUpgrade kernel-obs-qaUpgrade kernel-source-rtUpgrade dtb-exynosUpgrade kernel-default-develUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-freescaleUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-amdUpgrade kernel-azure-optionalUpgrade kernel-default-livepatch-develUpgrade kernel-default-manUpgrade gfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-renesasUpgrade kernel-macrosUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-develUpgrade dtb-caviumUpgrade kernel-default-extraUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-develUpgrade dtb-allwinnerUpgrade gfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dtb-amazonUpgrade dtb-hisiliconUpgrade dtb-amlogicUpgrade kernel-64kb-optionalUpgrade dtb-apmUpgrade dtb-alteraUpgrade kernel-docs-htmlUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatch-develUpgrade kselftests-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-default-livepatchUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade dtb-lgUpgrade kernel-64kbUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-socionextUpgrade dtb-broadcomUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-rtUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-source-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dlm-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-vdsoUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-syms-rtUpgrade kernel-rt_debugUpgrade kselftests-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-azure-extraUpgrade kernel-kvmsmallUpgrade kernel-default-baseUpgrade kernel-rt-optionalUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-symsUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade dtb-rockchipUpgrade dtb-qcomUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-default-optionalUpgrade kernel-rt-vdsoUpgrade kernel-obs-buildUpgrade dtb-mediatekUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-64kbUpgrade kselftests-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-rt-extraUpgrade dlm-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-default-vdsoUpgrade kernel-docsUpgrade kernel-debug-vdsoUpgrade dtb-xilinxUpgrade kernel-azure-develUpgrade dtb-sprdUpgrade dtb-armUpgrade dlm-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-64kb-extraUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-azureUpgrade dlm-kmp-rtUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-default-base-rebuildUpgrade kselftests-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-azureUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-syms-azureUpgrade kernel-source-vanillaUpgrade kernel-defaultUpgrade dtb-nvidiaUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-devel-rt | Dec 5, 2025 | Jul 8, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-raspi-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oemUpgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-raspi2Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1082-kvmUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-osp1Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1152-azureUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1042-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1134-kvmUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1078-ibmUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-oracleUpgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1004-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1121-fipsUpgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1044-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1036-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1025-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-raspiUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-gkeUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1039-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-awsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-genericUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1093-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-raspiUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.11Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-gcpUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-genericUpgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-22-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-snapdragon-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-awsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2032-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1042-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1008-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1024-oemUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1051-iotUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1039-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1079-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1130-raspiUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1028-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-edgeUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1008-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1065-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-oracleUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1050-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-22-genericUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.11Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azureUpgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1106-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-gkeUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1145-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-azureUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-awsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.11Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.11Upgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1081-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1068-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1028-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8 | Jun 20, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Jul 2, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
Prioritise with Active Threat Intelligence
With curated Threat Intelligence, you can see which vulnerabilities truly put you at risk, prioritize what matters most, and act before attackers do.
Explore Intelligence Hub