In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
tracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching
Kairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during ftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a 'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(), and executing the following script:
$ echo function_graph > current_tracer $ cat trace > /dev/null & $ sleep 5 # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point $ echo timerlat > current_tracer
The root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags within print_trace_line during each s_show():
* One through 'iter->trace->print_line()'; * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns.
Tracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues to use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script above is print_graph_function_flags.
Moreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the 'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the 'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set it to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()' to use an invalid 'iter->private'.
To fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after freeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer is not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary 'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and irqsoff tracers.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.8
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade perfUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.236-227.928Upgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade python-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.180-122.191Upgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-headers | May 22, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.12.23-29.97Upgrade kernel-modules-extra-commonUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade perf6.12Upgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade python3-perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade python3-perf6.12Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.1.134-150.224Upgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-libbpf-devel | Jun 11, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linuxUpgrade linux-6.1 | Apr 29, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perf | Jul 1, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uek | Jun 30, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Suse | — | Upgrade reiserfs-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-64kb-develUpgrade kernel-azure-vdsoUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-azureUpgrade gfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-default-livepatch-develUpgrade dtb-renesasUpgrade dtb-freescaleUpgrade kernel-default-develUpgrade kernel-docs-htmlUpgrade dtb-socionextUpgrade dtb-broadcomUpgrade dtb-exynosUpgrade kernel-default-baseUpgrade kernel-kvmsmallUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-rt_debugUpgrade kernel-symsUpgrade kselftests-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-rt-optionalUpgrade kernel-source-azureUpgrade kernel-azure-extraUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-vdsoUpgrade dtb-appleUpgrade kernel-source-rtUpgrade kselftests-kmp-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-marvellUpgrade kernel-syms-rtUpgrade kernel-azure-optionalUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-64kbUpgrade kernel-default-livepatchUpgrade dlm-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-lgUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatch-develUpgrade dtb-amdUpgrade kernel-devel-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-sourceUpgrade kernel-default-manUpgrade kernel-obs-qaUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-64kb-optionalUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-macrosUpgrade dtb-amlogicUpgrade kernel-default-extraUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-develUpgrade dtb-allwinnerUpgrade dtb-caviumUpgrade dtb-hisiliconUpgrade dtb-amazonUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-vdsoUpgrade dtb-alteraUpgrade dtb-apmUpgrade gfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dtb-xilinxUpgrade kernel-rt-vdsoUpgrade dlm-kmp-rtUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-defaultUpgrade dlm-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-obs-buildUpgrade kernel-rt-extraUpgrade kselftests-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-docsUpgrade dtb-qcomUpgrade kernel-default-base-rebuildUpgrade dtb-armUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-defaultUpgrade kernel-syms-azureUpgrade kernel-source-vanillaUpgrade dtb-nvidiaUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-64kb-extraUpgrade dtb-rockchipUpgrade kernel-default-vdsoUpgrade kselftests-kmp-rtUpgrade gfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-devel-rtUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-default-optionalUpgrade kernel-azureUpgrade kernel-debug-vdsoUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-mediatekUpgrade dtb-sprdUpgrade dlm-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-azure-devel | Dec 5, 2025 | Jul 8, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1093-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-genericUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1121-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1134-kvmUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1025-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1078-ibmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1042-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1004-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1080-raspiUpgrade linux-image-snapdragon-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-gcpUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-awsUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.11Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcpUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1039-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-gkeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azureUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1153-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1044-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-raspiUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-22-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-oemUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-oem-osp1Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1082-kvmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-raspi-hwe-18.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1152-azureUpgrade linux-image-raspi2Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1036-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-gcpUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1039-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1081-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1085-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1091-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1145-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-22-genericUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1051-iotUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1147-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1008-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1042-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-gkeUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1106-bluefieldUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2032-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1024-oemUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.11Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracleUpgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.11Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-raspiUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1028-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-ibmUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1068-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-fipsUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.11Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-142-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-20.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1150-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1050-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1028-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1065-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-oracleUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1083-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1079-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-edgeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1008-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.4.0-218-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.4.0-1130-raspiUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04 | Jun 20, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | Jul 2, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
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