In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/mm/pat: Fix VM_PAT handling when fork() fails in copy_page_range()
If track_pfn_copy() fails, we already added the dst VMA to the maple tree. As fork() fails, we'll cleanup the maple tree, and stumble over the dst VMA for which we neither performed any reservation nor copied any page tables.
Consequently untrack_pfn() will see VM_PAT and try obtaining the PAT information from the page table -- which fails because the page table was not copied.
The easiest fix would be to simply clear the VM_PAT flag of the dst VMA if track_pfn_copy() fails. However, the whole thing is about "simply" clearing the VM_PAT flag is shaky as well: if we passed track_pfn_copy() and performed a reservation, but copying the page tables fails, we'll simply clear the VM_PAT flag, not properly undoing the reservation ... which is also wrong.
So let's fix it properly: set the VM_PAT flag only if the reservation succeeded (leaving it clear initially), and undo the reservation if anything goes wrong while copying the page tables: clearing the VM_PAT flag after undoing the reservation.
Note that any copied page table entries will get zapped when the VMA will get removed later, after copy_page_range() succeeded; as VM_PAT is not set then, we won't try cleaning VM_PAT up once more and untrack_pfn() will be happy. Note that leaving these page tables in place without a reservation is not a problem, as we are aborting fork(); this process will never run.
A reproducer can trigger this usually at the first try:
https://gitlab.com/davidhildenbrand/scratchspace/-/raw/main/reproducers/pat_fork.c
WARNING: CPU: 26 PID: 11650 at arch/x86/mm/pat/memtype.c:983 get_pat_info+0xf6/0x110 Modules linked in: ... CPU: 26 UID: 0 PID: 11650 Comm: repro3 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc5+ #92 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-2.fc40 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:get_pat_info+0xf6/0x110 ... Call Trace: <TASK> ... untrack_pfn+0x52/0x110 unmap_single_vma+0xa6/0xe0 unmap_vmas+0x105/0x1f0 exit_mmap+0xf6/0x460 __mmput+0x4b/0x120 copy_process+0x1bf6/0x2aa0 kernel_clone+0xab/0x440 __do_sys_clone+0x66/0x90 do_syscall_64+0x95/0x180
Likely this case was missed in:
d155df53f310 ("x86/mm/pat: clear VM_PAT if copy_p4d_range failed")
... and instead of undoing the reservation we simply cleared the VM_PAT flag.
Keep the documentation of these functions in include/linux/pgtable.h, one place is more than sufficient -- we should clean that up for the other functions like track_pfn_remap/untrack_pfn separately.
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 7.3
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-livepatch-6.12.23-29.97Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel6.12Upgrade python3-perf6.12Upgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfoUpgrade perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extraUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade perf6.12Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade python3-perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-common | Jun 24, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux-6.1Upgrade linux | May 15, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp11 | — | Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel | Aug 13, 2025 | Jul 18, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp12 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-libs | Jul 21, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernelUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel-tools | Aug 13, 2025 | Jul 18, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 9, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Suse | — | Upgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-default-livepatch-develUpgrade dtb-sprdUpgrade dtb-allwinnerUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-rtUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-defaultUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade dtb-nvidiaUpgrade dtb-rockchipUpgrade dtb-xilinxUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-vdsoUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-develUpgrade kernel-debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-source-rtUpgrade kernel-docsUpgrade kernel-rt-extraUpgrade dtb-appleUpgrade kselftests-kmp-rtUpgrade dtb-caviumUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-azure-optionalUpgrade kernel-source-vanillaUpgrade kernel-debugUpgrade kernel-defaultUpgrade dtb-marvellUpgrade kernel-azureUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-amdUpgrade gfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade gfs2-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-debug-develUpgrade kernel-rt-vdsoUpgrade kernel-64kb-extraUpgrade kernel-default-optionalUpgrade kernel-obs-buildUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-rtUpgrade dlm-kmp-defaultUpgrade reiserfs-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-socionextUpgrade kernel-rt-optionalUpgrade dtb-alteraUpgrade dlm-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-default-baseUpgrade dtb-renesasUpgrade kernel-rt_debugUpgrade kselftests-kmp-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-azureUpgrade dtb-qcomUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-azureUpgrade kernel-azure-develUpgrade dtb-freescaleUpgrade kselftests-kmp-defaultUpgrade kselftests-kmp-64kbUpgrade kernel-rt-develUpgrade kernel-kvmsmall-develUpgrade kernel-default-livepatchUpgrade dtb-amazonUpgrade dtb-exynosUpgrade dtb-armUpgrade dlm-kmp-azureUpgrade cluster-md-kmp-defaultUpgrade kernel-devel-rtUpgrade kernel-64kb-optionalUpgrade kernel-64kb-develUpgrade dtb-broadcomUpgrade kernel-sourceUpgrade kernel-rt-livepatch-develUpgrade kernel-rtUpgrade kernel-docs-htmlUpgrade kernel-obs-qaUpgrade kernel-azure-vdsoUpgrade kernel-azure-extraUpgrade dtb-hisiliconUpgrade kernel-default-base-rebuildUpgrade dtb-apmUpgrade dtb-amlogicUpgrade gfs2-kmp-64kbUpgrade dtb-mediatekUpgrade kernel-64kbUpgrade kernel-syms-azureUpgrade kernel-macrosUpgrade kernel-default-extraUpgrade kernel-default-develUpgrade gfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade kernel-zfcpdumpUpgrade kernel-default-vdsoUpgrade dtb-lgUpgrade kernel-syms-rtUpgrade kernel-symsUpgrade kernel-source-azureUpgrade kernel-rt_debug-vdsoUpgrade kernel-kvmsmallUpgrade kernel-devel-azureUpgrade ocfs2-kmp-rtUpgrade dlm-kmp-64kb | Dec 5, 2025 | May 21, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.11Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1014-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1008-gcpUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1024-oemUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1008-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.11Upgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1025-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fdeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcpUpgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1016-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1036-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azureUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1042-gcpUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2032-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1042-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1039-ibmUpgrade linux-image-azure-fde-6.11Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-awsUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.11Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-genericUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-raspiUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-28-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1004-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1044-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1018-azureUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1011-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fde-edgeUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-22-genericUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-86-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-22-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1015-awsUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1038-oracleUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1041-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-raspiUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.11.0-1017-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04 | Jun 26, 2025 | Apr 16, 2025 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | May 27, 2026 | Apr 16, 2025 |
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