In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
riscv: cpu_ops_sbi: Use static array for boot_data
Since commit 6b9f29b81b15 ("riscv: Enable pcpu page first chunk allocator"), if NUMA is enabled, the page percpu allocator may be used on very sparse configurations, or when requested on boot with percpu_alloc=page.
In that case, percpu data gets put in the vmalloc area. However, sbi_hsm_hart_start() needs the physical address of a sbi_hart_boot_data, and simply assumes that __pa() would work. This causes the just started hart to immediately access an invalid address and hang.
Fortunately, struct sbi_hart_boot_data is not too large, so we can simply allocate an array for boot_data statically, putting it in the kernel image.
This fixes NUMA=y SMP boot on Sophgo SG2042.
To reproduce on QEMU: Set CONFIG_NUMA=y and CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL=y, then run with:
qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 2 -nographic \ -kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image \ -append "percpu_alloc=page"
Kernel output:
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on hartid 0 [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.16.0-rc1 (dram@sakuya) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 14.2.1 20250322, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.44) #11 SMP Tue Jun 24 14:56:22 CST 2025 ... [ 0.000000] percpu: 28 4K pages/cpu s85784 r8192 d20712 ... [ 0.083192] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ... [ 0.086722] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 0.086849] virt_to_phys used for non-linear address: (____ptrval____) (0xff2000000001d080) [ 0.088001] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at arch/riscv/mm/physaddr.c:14 __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.088376] Modules linked in: [ 0.088656] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1 #11 NONE [ 0.088833] Hardware name: riscv-virtio,qemu (DT) [ 0.088948] epc : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.089001] ra : __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.089037] epc : ffffffff80021eaa ra : ffffffff80021eaa sp : ff2000000004bbc0 [ 0.089057] gp : ffffffff817f49c0 tp : ff60000001d60000 t0 : 5f6f745f74726976 [ 0.089076] t1 : 0000000000000076 t2 : 705f6f745f747269 s0 : ff2000000004bbe0 [ 0.089095] s1 : ff2000000001d080 a0 : 0000000000000000 a1 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.089113] a2 : 0000000000000000 a3 : 0000000000000000 a4 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.089131] a5 : 0000000000000000 a6 : 0000000000000000 a7 : 0000000000000000 [ 0.089155] s2 : ffffffff8130dc00 s3 : 0000000000000001 s4 : 0000000000000001 [ 0.089174] s5 : ffffffff8185eff8 s6 : ff2000007f1eb000 s7 : ffffffff8002a2ec [ 0.089193] s8 : 0000000000000001 s9 : 0000000000000001 s10: 0000000000000000 [ 0.089211] s11: 0000000000000000 t3 : ffffffff8180a9f7 t4 : ffffffff8180a9f7 [ 0.089960] t5 : ffffffff8180a9f8 t6 : ff2000000004b9d8 [ 0.089984] status: 0000000200000120 badaddr: ffffffff80021eaa cause: 0000000000000003 [ 0.090101] [<ffffffff80021eaa>] __virt_to_phys+0xae/0xe8 [ 0.090228] [<ffffffff8001d796>] sbi_cpu_start+0x6e/0xe8 [ 0.090247] [<ffffffff8001a5da>] __cpu_up+0x1e/0x8c [ 0.090260] [<ffffffff8002a32e>] bringup_cpu+0x42/0x258 [ 0.090277] [<ffffffff8002914c>] cpuhp_invoke_callback+0xe0/0x40c [ 0.090292] [<ffffffff800294e0>] __cpuhp_invoke_callback_range+0x68/0xfc [ 0.090320] [<ffffffff8002a96a>] _cpu_up+0x11a/0x244 [ 0.090334] [<ffffffff8002aae6>] cpu_up+0x52/0x90 [ 0.090384] [<ffffffff80c09350>] bringup_nonboot_cpus+0x78/0x118 [ 0.090411] [<ffffffff80c11060>] smp_init+0x34/0xb8 [ 0.090425] [<ffffffff80c01220>] kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x2e4 [ 0.090442] [<ffffffff80b83802>] kernel_init+0x1e/0x14c [ 0.090455] [<ffffffff800124ca>] ret_from_fork_kernel+0xe/0xf0 [ 0.090471] [<ffffffff80b8d9c2>] ret_from_fork_kernel_asm+0x16/0x18 [ 0.090560] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- [ 1.179875] CPU1: failed to come online [ 1.190324] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
CVSS Details
- CVSS 3.1 Base Score: 5.5
- CVSS 3.1 Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H)
Covered by Rapid7
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Debian | — | Upgrade linux | Jul 23, 2026 | Jul 23, 2026 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1041-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.14Upgrade linux-image-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcp-6.14Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-raspiUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.14Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1030-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcpUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidia-6.14Upgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1014-azureUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1014-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.14Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1016-raspiUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1015-awsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-34-genericUpgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-34-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04cUpgrade linux-image-raspi-6.14Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04aUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-xilinxUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1044-ibmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1015-oracleUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.14Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-aws-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1014-oemUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2037-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1015-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.14Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04bUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1051-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-genericUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1023-xilinxUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1007-azure-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-gkeUpgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1018-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-6.14Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-azureUpgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1015-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.14Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1043-oracleUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1046-awsUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-100-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-6.14Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.14.0-1018-gcpUpgrade linux-image-oem-24.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeop | Jul 31, 2025 | Jul 25, 2025 |
Prioritise with Active Threat Intelligence
With curated Threat Intelligence, you can see which vulnerabilities truly put you at risk, prioritize what matters most, and act before attackers do.
Explore Intelligence Hub