In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ipv4: route: Prevent rt_bind_exception() from rebinding stale fnhe
The sit driver's packet transmission path calls: sit_tunnel_xmit() -> update_or_create_fnhe(), which lead to fnhe_remove_oldest() being called to delete entries exceeding FNHE_RECLAIM_DEPTH+random.
The race window is between fnhe_remove_oldest() selecting fnheX for deletion and the subsequent kfree_rcu(). During this time, the concurrent path's __mkroute_output() -> find_exception() can fetch the soon-to-be-deleted fnheX, and rt_bind_exception() then binds it with a new dst using a dst_hold(). When the original fnheX is freed via RCU, the dst reference remains permanently leaked.
CPU 0 CPU 1 __mkroute_output() find_exception() [fnheX] update_or_create_fnhe() fnhe_remove_oldest() [fnheX] rt_bind_exception() [bind dst] RCU callback [fnheX freed, dst leak]
This issue manifests as a device reference count leak and a warning in dmesg when unregistering the net device:
unregister_netdevice: waiting for sitX to become free. Usage count = N
Ido Schimmel provided the simple test validation method [1].
The fix clears 'oldest->fnhe_daddr' before calling fnhe_flush_routes(). Since rt_bind_exception() checks this field, setting it to zero prevents the stale fnhe from being reused and bound to a new dst just before it is freed.
[1] ip netns add ns1 ip -n ns1 link set dev lo up ip -n ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo ip -n ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy ip -n ns1 route add 192.0.2.2/32 dev dummy1 ip -n ns1 link add name gretap1 up arp off type gretap \ local 192.0.2.1 remote 192.0.2.2 ip -n ns1 route add 198.51.0.0/16 dev gretap1 taskset -c 0 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \ -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & taskset -c 2 ip netns exec ns1 mausezahn gretap1 \ -A 198.51.100.1 -B 198.51.0.0/16 -t udp -p 1000 -c 0 -q & sleep 10 ip netns pids ns1 | xargs kill ip netns del ns1
| Product | Vendor Advisory | Solution File | Added | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Linux Ami 2 | — | Upgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernelUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-headersUpgrade python-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.10.247-246.989Upgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade python-perfUpgrade kernel-livepatch-5.15.197-138.220Upgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade perf | May 20, 2026 | May 20, 2026 |
| Amazon_linux_2023 | — | Upgrade kernel6.12-libbpfUpgrade python3-perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade bpftool6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade kernel6.12-libbpf-develUpgrade bpftool6.12Upgrade perf6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-libbpf-staticUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-tools-develUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade perfUpgrade kernel-modules-extra-commonUpgrade kernel-headersUpgrade perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel6.12-tools-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.12.63-84.121Upgrade kernel6.12-toolsUpgrade perf6.12Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel6.12-develUpgrade kernel-modules-extraUpgrade kernel-livepatch-6.1.159-181.297Upgrade kernel-libbpfUpgrade kernel6.12-modules-extra-commonUpgrade kernel6.12-headersUpgrade kernel-tools-debuginfoUpgrade bpftool-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-develUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade python3-perf6.12Upgrade kernel6.12Upgrade kernel-libbpf-staticUpgrade kernel6.12-tools-develUpgrade kernel-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64Upgrade kernel-libbpf-develUpgrade python3-perf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-libbpf-debuginfoUpgrade kernel6.12-debuginfo-common-x86_64 | Jan 12, 2026 | Dec 16, 2025 |
| Debian | — | Upgrade linuxUpgrade linux-6.1 | Dec 18, 2025 | Dec 18, 2025 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp10 | — | Upgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-tools | Mar 17, 2026 | Mar 16, 2026 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp12 | — | Upgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade python3-perfUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernelUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelists | Mar 17, 2026 | Mar 16, 2026 |
| Huawei Euleros 2_0_sp13 | — | Upgrade python3-perfUpgrade bpftoolUpgrade kernel-tools-libsUpgrade kernel-toolsUpgrade kernel-abi-stablelistsUpgrade kernel | Mar 10, 2026 | Mar 10, 2026 |
| Oracle_linux | — | Upgrade kernel-uek | Jan 15, 2026 | Dec 16, 2025 |
| Redhat_linux | — | No solution exists | Jul 17, 2026 | Dec 16, 2025 |
| Ubuntu | — | Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-2040-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-nvidia-tegra-igxUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1098-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1006-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.17Upgrade linux-image-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04bUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1050-awsUpgrade linux-image-oracle-6.8Upgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-gke-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.17Upgrade linux-image-gcp-6.17Upgrade linux-image-virtual-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-ibm-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1050-raspiUpgrade linux-image-awsUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1008-raspiUpgrade linux-image-raspi-5.15Upgrade linux-image-ibmUpgrade linux-image-gcp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-106-genericUpgrade linux-image-oracleUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-raspi-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oracle-6.17Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1103-awsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1103-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1100-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1007-awsUpgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-raspi-6.17Upgrade linux-image-raspi-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-173-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1103-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1008-azureUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1110-azureUpgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1097-ibmUpgrade linux-image-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-5.15Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-173-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1007-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-virtual-5.15Upgrade linux-image-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-cvmUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1098-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1007-gcpUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1098-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1007-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-xilinxUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-14-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtime-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1048-gke-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-raspi-nolpaeUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04dUpgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1007-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-106-fipsUpgrade linux-image-gcpUpgrade linux-image-realtime-6.17Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmp-5.15Upgrade linux-image-ibm-6.8Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1094-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-xilinx-6.8Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-raspiUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1102-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-20.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-gke-5.15Upgrade linux-image-ibm-classicUpgrade linux-image-kvmUpgrade linux-image-oem-6.17Upgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1007-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1050-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1097-raspiUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcpUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-oracle-64kUpgrade linux-image-gcp-6.8Upgrade linux-image-genericUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-173-genericUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04dUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-6.17Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1050-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-5.15Upgrade linux-image-realtime-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-realtime-6.8.1Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1052-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1109-azureUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04bUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1099-gkeUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1035-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-azure-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-kvm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-oracle-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-aws-64k-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1067-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-virtual-6.17Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.17Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-5.15Upgrade linux-image-azure-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gcp-fips-6.8Upgrade linux-image-oem-20.04cUpgrade linux-image-oem-20.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-fipsUpgrade linux-image-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-106-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-106-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1109-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1103-gcp-fipsUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1055-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1103-aws-64kUpgrade linux-image-generic-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.17.0-14-genericUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04Upgrade linux-image-gkeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-173-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-generic-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-106-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1086-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegraUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidiaUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-24.04Upgrade linux-image-oem-22.04cUpgrade linux-image-oem-22.04aUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotg-5.15Upgrade linux-image-gke-6.8Upgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-azure-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-6.17Upgrade linux-image-6.8.1-1045-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1055-nvidia-tegra-rtUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1044-nvidia-tegra-igx-rtUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1049-ibmUpgrade linux-image-generic-64kUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-5.15Upgrade linux-image-xilinx-zynqmpUpgrade linux-image-oracle-lts-22.04Upgrade linux-image-azureUpgrade linux-image-nvidia-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-igx-rt-5.15Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1051-azureUpgrade linux-image-generic-lpae-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intel-iot-realtimeUpgrade linux-image-gkeopUpgrade linux-image-ibm-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-5.15Upgrade linux-image-generic-6.17Upgrade linux-image-6.17.0-1011-oemUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-173-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1029-xilinxUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-1095-kvmUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-6.8Upgrade linux-image-aws-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intelUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1047-oracleUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-64kUpgrade linux-image-aws-fips-5.15Upgrade linux-image-intel-iotgUpgrade linux-image-raspi-realtime-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-6.8Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1048-gkeUpgrade linux-image-virtualUpgrade linux-image-fipsUpgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64kUpgrade linux-image-gkeop-6.8Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-64k-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-generic-lpaeUpgrade linux-image-gcp-64k-6.17Upgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1052-azure-fipsUpgrade linux-image-6.8.0-1049-nvidia-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-5.15.0-173-lowlatencyUpgrade linux-image-virtual-hwe-22.04Upgrade linux-image-lowlatency-5.15Upgrade linux-image-nvidia-tegra-rt | Feb 13, 2026 | Feb 12, 2026 |
| Vmware Photon_os | — | Use 'tdnf update' to upgrade all packages to the latest version. | May 27, 2026 | Dec 16, 2025 |
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